ACCA Syllabus 2025, Detailed Syllabus for All Subjects

ACCA Subjects

Applied Knowledge

Applied Skills

Strategic Professional

Paper F1 – Business and Technology (BT)

Paper F4 – Corporate and Business Law (LW)

Paper P1 –Strategic Business Leader (SBL)

Paper F2 – Management Accounting (MA)

Paper F5 – Performance Management (PM)

Paper P2 – Strategic Business Reporting (SBR)

Paper F3 – Financial Accounting (FA)

Paper F6 – Taxation (TX)

Paper P4 – Advanced Financial Management (AFM)

Paper F7 – Financial Reporting (FR)

Paper P5 – Advanced Performance Management (APM)

Paper F8: Assurance and Audit (AA)

Paper P6 – Advanced Taxation (ATX)

Paper F9: Financial Management (FM)

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Business and Technology (BT)

Section

Topic

A. The Business Organisation and its External Environment

1. The Purpose and Types of Business Organisation

2. Stakeholders in Business Organisations

3. Political and Legal Factors Affecting Business

4. Macroeconomic Factors

5. Microeconomic Factors

6. Social and Demographic Factors

7. Technological Factors

8. Environmental and Sustainability Factors

9. Competitive Factors

B. Organisational Structure, Culture, Governance and Sustainability

1. The Formal and Informal Business Organisation

2. Business Organisational Structure

3. Organisational Culture

4. Governance in Business Organisations

5. Sustainable Business Practices

C. Business Functions, Regulation and Technology

1. The Relationship Between Accounting and Other Business Functions

2. Accounting and Finance Functions Within Business Organisations

3. Regulation and Financial Crime

4. Financial Information Provided by Business

5. Financial Systems and Technology

6. Internal Controls

7. The Impact of Advances in Technology

D. Leadership and Management

1. Leadership, Management, and Supervision

2. Individual and Group Behaviour in Business Organisations

3. Team Formation, Development, and Management

4. Motivating Individuals and Teams

5. Learning and Training at Work

6. Review and Appraisal of Individual Performance

E. Personal Effectiveness and Communication in Business

1. Personal Effectiveness

2. Consequences of Ineffectiveness at Work

3. Competence Frameworks and Personal Development

4. Sources of Conflicts and Techniques for Conflict Resolution

5. Communicating in Business

F. Professional Ethics

1. Fundamental Principles of Ethical Behaviour

2. The Role of Regulatory and Professional Bodies in Promoting Ethical and Professional Standards in the Accountancy Profession

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Management Accounting (MA)

Section

Topic

A. The Nature, Source, and Purpose of Management Information

1. Accounting for Management

2. Sources of Data

3. Cost Classification

4. Presenting Information

B. Data Analysis and Statistical Techniques

1. Sampling Methods

2. Analytical Techniques in Budgeting and Forecasting

3. Summarising and Analysing Data

4. Spreadsheets

C. Cost Accounting Techniques

1. Accounting for Material, Labour, and Overheads

2. Absorption and Marginal Costing

3. Cost Accounting Methods

4. Alternative Cost Accounting Principles

D. Budgeting

1. Nature and Purpose of Budgeting

2. Budget Preparation

3. Flexible Budgets

4. Asset Budgeting and Investment Appraisal

5. Budgetary Control and Reporting

6. Behavioural Aspects of Budgeting

E. Standard Costing

1. Standard Costing System

2. Variance Calculations and Analysis

3. Reconciliation of Budgeted and Actual Profit

F. Performance Measurement

1. Performance Measurement - Overview

2. Performance Measurement - Application

3. Cost Reductions and Value Enhancement

4. Monitoring Performance and Reporting

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Financial Accounting (FA)

Section

Topic

A. The Context and Purpose of Financial Reporting

1. The Scope and Purpose of Financial Statements for External Reporting

2. Stakeholders’ Needs

3. The Main Elements of Financial Reports

4. The Regulatory Framework

5. Duties and Responsibilities of Those Charged with Governance

B. Accounting Principles, Concepts, and Qualitative Characteristics

1. The Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Information

2. Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information

C. The Use of Double-Entry Bookkeeping and Accounting Systems

1. Double-Entry Bookkeeping Principles, Including the Maintenance of Accounting Records

2. General Ledger Accounts and Journal Entries

D. Recording Transactions and Events

1. Sales and Purchases

2. Cash

3. Inventories

4. Tangible Non-Current Assets

5. Depreciation

6. Intangible Non-Current Assets and Amortisation

7. Accruals (Expenses), Prepaid Expenses (Prepayments), Accrued Income, and Deferred Income

8. Receivables and Payables

9. Provisions and Contingencies

10. Capital Structure and Finance Costs

E. Reconciliations

1. Bank Reconciliations

2. Trade Payables Account Reconciliations

F. Preparing a Trial Balance

1. Trial Balance

2. Correction of Errors

3. Suspense Accounts

G. Preparing Financial Statements

1. Statement of Financial Position

2. Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income

3. Disclosure Notes

4. Events After the Reporting Period

5. Statement of Cash Flows (Excluding Partnerships)

6. Incomplete Records

H. Preparing Basic Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Subsidiaries

2. Associates

I. Interpretation of Financial Statements

1. Importance and Purpose of Analysis of Financial Statements

2. Ratios

3. Analysis of Financial Statements

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Corporate and Business Law (LW)

Section

Topic

A. Essential Elements of the Legal System

1. Law and the Legal System

2. Source of Law

B. The Law of Obligations

1. Formation of Contract

2. Content of Contracts

3. Breach of Contract and Remedies

4. The Law of Torts and Professional Negligence

C. Employment Law

1. Contract of Employment

2. Dismissal and Redundancy

D. The Formation and Constitution of Business Organisations

1. Agency Law

2. Partnerships

3. Corporations and Legal Personality

4. The Formation and Constitution of a Company

E. Capital and the Financing of Companies

1. Share Capital

2. Loan Capital

3. Capital Maintenance and Dividend Law

F. Management, Administration, and the Regulation of Companies

1. Company Directors

2. Other Company Officers

3. Company Meetings and Resolutions

G. Insolvency Law

1. Insolvency and Administration

H. Corporate Fraudulent and Criminal Behaviour

1. Fraudulent and Criminal Behaviour

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Performance Management (PM)

Section

Topic

A. Management Information Systems and Data Analytics

1. Management Information Systems

2. Uses and Control of Information

3. Big Data and Data Analytics

B. Specialist Cost and Management Accounting Techniques

1. Activity-Based Costing

2. Target Costing

3. Life-Cycle Costing

4. Throughput Accounting

5. Accounting for Environmental and Sustainability Factors

C. Decision-Making Techniques

1. Relevant Cost Analysis

2. Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis

3. Limiting Factors

4. Pricing Decisions

5. Make-or-Buy and Other Short-Term Decisions

6. Dealing with Risk and Uncertainty in Decision-Making

D. Budgeting and Control

1. Budgetary Systems and Types of Budget

2. Analytical Techniques in Budgeting and Forecasting

3. Standard Costing

4. Material Mix and Yield Variances

5. Sales Mix and Quantity Variances

6. Planning and Operational Variances

7. Performance Analysis

E. Performance Measurement and Control

1. Performance Analysis in Private Sector, Public Sector, and Not-for-Profit Organisations

2. Divisional Performance and Transfer Pricing

3. Specific Performance Analysis Issues in Not-for-Profit Organisations and the Public Sector

F. Employability and Technology Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology

3. Navigate Windows and Computer Screens to Create and Amend Responses to Exam Requirements

4. Present Data and Information Effectively Using the Appropriate Tools

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Taxation (TX)

Section

Topic

A. The Tax System and its Administration

1. The Overall Function and Purpose of Taxation in a Modern Economy

2. Principal Sources of Revenue Law and Practice

3. Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion

4. The System of Self-Assessment and the Furnishing of Returns

5. Payment of Tax, Including Advance Tax, Collection of Advance Tax, Tax Deducted at Source, and Refund of Tax

6. The Procedures Relating to Enquiries, Audit, Disputes, and Appeals

7. Default Surcharge and Penalties for Non-Compliance

B. Income Tax Liabilities of Individuals and Unincorporated Bodies

1. The Scope of Income Tax on Individuals and Unincorporated Bodies

2. Income from Employment

3. Income from Business

4. Income from Property

5. Income from Other Sources

6. The Comprehensive Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability

7. The Use of Exemptions and Reliefs in Minimizing Tax Liabilities

C. Income Tax Liabilities of Companies

1. The Scope of Income Tax on Companies

2. Income from Business

3. Income from Property

4. Income from Other Sources

5. The Comprehensive Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability

6. The Use of Exemptions and Reliefs in Minimizing Tax Liabilities

D. Capital Gains

1. The Scope of the Taxation of Capital Gains

2. The Computation of Gains and Losses

3. The Use of Exemptions and Reliefs in Minimizing Tax Liabilities

E. Sales Tax

1. The Scope of Sales Tax

2. The Registration and De-registration Requirements

3. The Computation of Sales Tax Liabilities

4. Sales Tax Returns, Refunds, and Representations

F. Employability and Technology Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on the Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology

3. Navigate Windows and Computer Screens to Create and Amend Responses to Exam Requirements

4. Present Data and Information Effectively Using the Appropriate Tools

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Financial Reporting (FR) 

Section

Topic

A. The Conceptual and Regulatory Framework for Financial Reporting

1. The Need for a Conceptual Framework and the Characteristics of Useful Information

2. Recognition and Measurement

3. Regulatory Framework

4. The Concepts and Principles of Groups and Consolidated Financial Statements

B. Accounting for Transactions in Financial Statements

1. Tangible Non-Current Assets

2. Intangible Assets

3. Impairment of Assets

4. Inventories and Agriculture

5. Financial Instruments

6. Leasing

7. Provisions and Events After the Reporting Period

8. Taxation

9. Reporting Financial Performance

10. Revenue

11. Government Grants

12. Foreign Currency Transactions

C. Analysing and Interpreting the Financial Statements of Single Entities and Groups

1. Limitations of Financial Statements

2. Calculation and Interpretation of Accounting Ratios and Trends to Address Users’ and Stakeholders’ Needs

3. Limitations of Interpretation Techniques

4. Not-for-Profit and Public Sector Entities

D. Preparation of Financial Statements

1. Preparation of Single Entity Financial Statements

2. Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements for a Simple Group

E. Employability and Technology Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology as Would Be Required in the Workplace

3. Navigate Windows and Computer Screens to Create and Amend Responses to Exam Requirements

4. Present Data and Information Effectively, Using the Appropriate Tools

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Assurance and Audit (AA)

Section

Topic

A. Audit Framework and Regulation

1. The Concept of Audit and Other Assurance Engagements

2. External Audits

3. Corporate Governance

4. Professional Ethics and ACCA’s Code of Ethics and Conduct

B. Planning and Risk Assessment

1. Obtaining, Accepting, and Continuing Audit Engagements

2. Objective and General Principles

3. Assessing Audit Risks

4. Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and the Applicable Financial Reporting Framework

5. Fraud, Laws, and Regulations

6. Audit Planning and Documentation

C. Internal Control

1. Systems of Internal Control

2. The Use and Evaluation of Systems of Internal Control by Auditors

3. Tests of Controls

4. Communication on Internal Control

5. Internal Audit and Governance and the Differences Between External Audit and Internal Audit

6. The Scope of the Internal Audit Function, Outsourcing and Internal Audit Assignments

D. Audit Evidence

1. Assertions and Audit Evidence

2. Audit Procedures

3. Audit Sampling and Other Means of Testing

4. The Audit of Specific Items

5. Automated Tools and Techniques

6. The Work of Others

7. Not-for-Profit Organisations

E. Review and Reporting

1. Subsequent Events

2. Going Concern

3. Written Representations

4. Audit Finalisation and the Final Review

5. The Independent Auditor’s Report

F. Employability and Technology Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology, as Would Be Required in the Workplace

3. Navigate Windows and Computer Screens to Create and Amend Responses to Exam Requirements

4. Present Data and Information Effectively, Using the Appropriate Tools

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Financial Management (FM)

Section

Topic

A. Financial Management Function

1. The Nature and Purpose of Financial Management

2. Financial Objectives and Relationship with Corporate Strategy

3. Stakeholders and Impact on Corporate Objectives

4. Financial and Other Objectives in Not-for-Profit Organisations

B. Financial Management Environment

1. The Economic Environment for Business

2. The Nature and Role of Financial Markets and Institutions

3. The Nature and Role of Money Markets

C. Working Capital Management

1. The Nature, Elements, and Importance of Working Capital

2. Management of Inventories, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, and Cash

3. Determining Working Capital Needs and Funding Strategies

D. Investment Appraisal

1. Investment Appraisal Techniques

2. Allowing for Inflation and Taxation in DCF

3. Adjusting for Risk and Uncertainty in Investment Appraisal

4. Specific Investment Decisions (Lease or Buy, Asset Replacement, Capital Rationing)

E. Business Finance

1. Sources of, and Raising, Business Finance

2. Estimating the Cost of Capital

3. Sources of Finance and Their Relative Costs

4. Capital Structure Theories and Practical Considerations

5. Finance for Small- and Medium-Sized Entities (SMEs)

F. Business Valuations

1. Nature and Purpose of the Valuation of Business and Financial Assets

2. Models for the Valuation of Shares

3. The Valuation of Debt and Other Financial Assets

4. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and Practical Considerations in the Valuation of Shares

G. Risk Management

1. The Nature and Types of Risk and Approaches to Risk Management

2. Causes of Exchange Rate Differences and Interest Rate Fluctuations

3. Hedging Techniques for Foreign Currency Risk

4. Hedging Techniques for Interest Rate Risk

H. Employability and Technology Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology, as Would Be Required in the Workplace

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Strategic Business Reporting (SBR)

Section

Topic

A. Fundamental Ethical and Professional Principles

1. Professional and Ethical Behaviour in Corporate Reporting

B. The Financial Reporting Framework

1. The Applications, Strengths, and Weaknesses of the Accounting Framework

C. Reporting the Financial Performance of a Range of Entities

1. Revenue

2. Non-Current Assets

3. Financial Instruments

4. Leases

5. Employee Benefits

6. Income Taxes

7. Provisions, Contingencies, and Events After the Reporting Period

8. Share-Based Payment

9. Fair Value Measurement

10. Other Reporting Issues

D. Financial Statements of Groups of Entities

1. Group Accounting Including Statements of Cash Flows

2. Associates and Joint Arrangements

3. Foreign Transactions and Entities

E. Interpret Financial and Non-Financial Information for Different Stakeholders

1. Analysis and Interpretation of Financial and Non-Financial Information and Measurement of Performance

F. The Impact of Changes and Potential Changes in Accounting Regulation

1. Discussion of Issues in Financial Reporting

G. Employability and Technology Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology, as Would Be Required in the Workplace

3. Navigate Windows and Computer Screens to Create and Amend Responses to Exam Requirements, Using the Appropriate Tools

4. Present Data and Information Effectively, Using the Appropriate Tools

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Strategic Business Leader (SBL)

Section

Topic

A. Leadership

1. Qualities of Leadership

2. Leadership and Organisational Culture

3. Professionalism, Ethical Codes, and the Public Interest

B. Governance

1. Agency

2. Stakeholder Analysis and Organisational Social Responsibility

3. Governance Scope and Approaches

4. Reporting to Stakeholders

5. The Board of Directors

6. Public Sector Governance

C. Strategy

1. Concepts of Strategy

2. Environmental Issues

3. Competitive Forces

4. The Internal Resources, Capabilities, and Competences of an Organisation

5. Strategic Choices

D. Risk

1. Identification, Assessment, and Measurement of Risk

2. Managing, Monitoring, and Mitigating Risk

E. Technology and Data Analytics

1. Cloud, Mobile, and Smart Technology

2. Big Data and Data Analytics

3. Machine Learning, AI, and Robotics

4. E-business: Value Chain

5. IT Systems Security and Control

F. Organisational Control and Audit

1. Management and Internal Control Systems

2. Audit and Compliance

3. Internal Control and Management Reporting

G. Finance in Planning and Decision-Making

1. Finance Transformation

2. Financial Analysis and Decision-Making Techniques

3. Cost and Management Accounting

H. Enabling Success and Change Management

1. Enabling Success: Organising

2. Enabling Success: Disruptive Technologies

3. Enabling Success: Talent Management

4. Enabling Success: Performance Excellence

5. Managing Strategic Change

6. Leading and Managing Projects

I. Professional Skills

1. Communication

2. Commercial Acumen

3. Analysis

4. Scepticism

5. Evaluation

J. Other Employability and Digital Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology, as Would Be Required in the Workplace

3. Navigate Windows and Computer Screens to Create and Amend Responses to Exam Requirements, Using Appropriate Tools

4. Present Data and Information Effectively, Using the Appropriate Tools

ACCA Syllabus 2025 for Advanced Financial Management (AFM)

Section

Topic

A. Role of Senior Financial Adviser in the Multinational Organisation

1. The Role and Responsibility of Senior Financial Executive/Advisor

2. Financial Strategy Formulation

3. Corporate Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) and Ethical Issues

4. Management of International Trade and Finance

5. Strategic Business and Financial Planning for Multinational Organisations

6. Dividend Policy in Multinationals and Transfer Pricing

B. Advanced Investment Appraisal

1. Discounted Cash Flow Techniques

2. Application of Option Pricing Theory in Investment Decisions

3. Impact of Financing on Investment Decisions and Adjusted Present Values

4. Valuation and the Use of Free Cash Flows

5. International Investment and Financing Decisions

C. Acquisitions and Mergers

1. Acquisitions and Mergers Versus Other Growth Strategies

2. Valuation for Acquisitions and Mergers

3. Regulatory Framework and Processes

4. Financing Acquisitions and Mergers

D. Corporate Reconstruction and Re-Organisation

1. Financial Reconstruction

2. Business Re-organisation

E. Treasury and Advanced Risk Management Techniques

1. The Role of the Treasury Function in Multinationals

2. The Use of Financial Derivatives to Hedge Against Forex Risk

3. The Use of Financial Derivatives to Hedge Against Interest Rate Risk

F. Professional Skills

1. Communication

2. Analysis and Evaluation

3. Scepticism

4. Commercial Acumen

G. Employability and Technology Skills

1. Use Computer Technology to Efficiently Access and Manipulate Relevant Information

2. Work on Relevant Response Options, Using Available Functions and Technology, as Would Be Required in the Workplace

3. Navigate Windows and Computer Screens to Create and Amend Responses to Exam Requirements, Using the Appropriate Tools

4. Present Data and Information Effectively, Using the Appropriate Tools