Integument

(i) Scales : found in fish and reptiles. In birds, present on legs.

(ii) Nails : found in mammals ex-primates.

(iii) Claws : found in reptiles, birds and mammals.

(iv) Horns : found in cattle.

(v) Hoofs : found in cattle.

(vi) Feathers : found in birds only.

(vii) Hairs : found in mammals only.

(viii) Tori : Cushion-like pad found in palm & sole.

(ix) Cornay pads : pad-like structure found at the knee joint of camel, ischial part of monkey.

(x) Epidermal comb : Found in upper jaw region of whale, due to it, whale is filter-feeder.

Cutaneous Glands

(1) Sweat gland

Coiled tubular gland; also known as sudorific and sudoriferous.

Present in deeper part of dermis.

Found in mammals only; produce sweat, meant for thermoregulation.

Absent in aquatic mammals like whale, seal, dolfin.

In cat, rat and mice present on palm only.

In deer, present around the base of the tail.

In rabbit, present around lips only. Absent in dog

Sweat contain water, NaCl and nitrogenous waste.

(2) Sebaceous gland

Compound alveolar; holocrine type.

Produce sebum, an oily substance; makes the hair and skin soft.

Open at the base of hair follicle.

In man present on entire body except palm and sole. Also present in lips, tip of the nose, nipples of mammary gland.

(3) Ceruminous gland

Also known as ear wax gland, found in external auditory meatus of external ear.

Produce cerumen (ear wax), trap foreign dust particles

Modified sweat gland.

(4) Meibomian gland

Modified sebaceous gland; present at the edge of eyelid.

Secretion lubricates the surface of eyeball.

In amphibians and birds also known as Harderian gland.

(5) Perineal gland

Also known as inguinal glands.

Absent in aquatic vertebrates.

Secretes characteristic smell.

(6) Scent gland

Type of perineal gland.

Produce characteristic smell.

Naval part of musk deer, around the anus of dog.

(7) Gland of zeis

Modified sebaceous gland.

Found in dermis of eyelid.

Open into follicle of eye lashes.

Secretion keeps the eyelashes soft and supple.