Give a brief account of the following :

Solution

1. Growth hormone :

          1.  Growth hormone is secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland.

          2.  It shows its action on most of the tissues of the body and helps in the growth of limbs and bones.

          3.  If growth homone is not produced in sufficient amounts by pituitary during childhood, it              

              results in dwarfism.

              4.If it is produced in large amounts it results in gigantism.

          2.  Cretinism :

          1.  Thyroid gland secretes a hormone called Thyroxine or Tri-idothyroxin.

          2.  It promotes growth and differentiation of tissues.

          3.  It increases the rate of metabolism and the production of heat in the body.

          2.  In the absence of sufficient amounts of thyroxine in children, it leads to stunted growth and                      

              child will be mentally retarded. This condition is called cretinism.

          3.  Simple Goitre :

          1.  Iodine is required for the formation of thyroxin.

          2.  If there is dificiency of iodine in food thyroid increases in size.

          3.  This results in the enlargement of neck.

          4.  This is called as simple Goitre.

          4.  Tetany:

          1.  The hormone parathormone is secreted by parathyroid gland.

          2.  If Parathormone is secreted in large quantities, the muscles become very active and remain                       

              in contracted state - a condition called Tetany.

          5.  Diabetes mellitus.

          1.  The endocrine part of the pancreas is called islets of langerhans.

          2.  It secretes a hormone called insulin.

          3.  It regulates the blood glucose level by converting excess blood glucose into glycogen.

          4.  If sufficient insulin is not produced. It results in the increase of blood sugar level and is excreted through urine. This condition is known as Diabetes mellitus.

          6.  Dwarfism :

          1.  Growth hormone is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland

          2.  The deficiency of growth hormones in childhood results in stunted physical growth.

          3.  The bones are not developed fully. This condition is called dwarfism.

          7.  Gigantism :

          1.  The anterior lobe of pituitary gland secretes growth hormone.

          2.  It helps for the growth of limbs and bones.

          3.  The excessive secretion of growth hormones from childhood results in abnormal elongation                      

              of hands, legs, lower jaw, enlarged cheek bones etc.

                      4. This condition is called Gigantism.