Classification Of Substituents

Effect of substituents on electrophilic aromatic substitution

ORTHO - PARA DIRECTORS

META DIRECTORS

Strongly Activating

–NH₂, –NHR, –NR₂

–OH,

Moderately Activating

–NHCOCH₃, –NHCOR

–OCH₃, –OR

Weakly Activating

–CH₃, C₂H₅, –R

–C₆H₅

Strongly Deactivating

–NO₂

–NR₃⁺

–CF₃, –CCl₃

Moderately Deactivating

–C≡ N

–SO₃H

–CO₂H, –CO₂R

–CHO, –COR

Weakly Deactivating

–F, –Cl, –Br, –I