Summary

ROADWAYS:

India has one of the largest road networks in the world. Its importance can be viewed.

• Construction cost of roads is much lower.
• Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
• Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slope & as such can traverse mountains.
• It is economical.
• It provides door to door services.
• It is used as feeder to other modes of transport.

GOLDEN QUADRILATERAL SUPER HIGHWAYS:

• The Govt. has launched a major road development project linking DelhiKolkata-Chennai-Mumbai & Delhi by six-lane super highways.
• The North-South corridors linking Srinagar [Jammu & Kashmir] & Kanyakumari [T.N.] & East-West Corridor Connecting silcher (Assam) & Porbander (Gujarat). The major objective of these super highways is to reduce time & distance.

RAILWAYS:

• The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been largely influence by physiographic, economic and administrative factors.
• The Himalyan mountains regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief sparse population & each of economic opportunities.
• The northern plains provide most favourable condition having high population density.
• Rivers also create problem for lay down of railway tracts.

PIPELINES:

Pipelines transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India. Its initial cost is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. It is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum product & natural gas.

3 IMPORTANT NETWORKS:

• Oil field in Assam to Kanpur (U.P.), via Guwahati, Barauni & Allahabad.
• From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar. In Punjab via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi & Panipat.
• Gas pipelines from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in UP via Vijaypur in Madhya Pradesh.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE:

• The exchange of goods among people; states & countries is referred to as trade. Trade between two countries is called International Trade.
• Exports and imports are the components of trade. The balance of a trade of a country is the difference b/w its export and import.
• When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, it is called favourable balance of trades.

TOURISM AS A TRADE:

Tourism has proved itself as one of the most important. aspect of trade. Tourism in India has grown substantially. It helps as

• Promotion of National Integration.
• Provide support to local handicrafts
• Provides support to cultural pursuits.
• Development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.