Sphere

A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — sphaira, "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the shape of a round ball. Like a circle, which is in two dimensions, a sphere is the set of points which are all the same distance r from a given point in space. This distance r is known as the "radius" of the sphere, and the given point is known as the center of the sphere. The maximum straight distance through the sphere is known as the "diameter". It passes through the center and is thus twice the radius.

Surface area of a sphere = 4πr²sq. units.

Volume of a sphere = 4/3πr³sq. units.

SPHERICAL SHELL /HOLLOW SPHERE:

1. Thickness = R - r.

2. Volume = cubic units.