Solution:

Answer: (a) The ions present in sodium oxide (Na₂O) compound are sodium ions (Na⁺) and oxide ions (O^2-).

(b) The ions present in magnesium oxide (MgO) compound are magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) and oxide ions (O^2-).

Solution:

Ans: Removal of impurities from an impure metal is called refining.

The electrolytic refining of copper is done in an apparatus shown below

The block of impure copper is made as anode. The cathode is made of a thin plate of pure copper. The electrolyte is a solution of copper sulphate, containing a small amount of dilute sulphuric acid. On passing electric current, copper dissolves from the anode into the electrolyte. An equivalent amount of copper from the electrolyte is then deposited on the cathode. Crude copper contains very small amounts of iron, silver and gold. The more reactive metals, such as iron, dissolve in the solution and remain there. The less reactive metals, such as silver and gold, fall below the anode in the electrolytic cell as anode mud. These metals are recovered in the native state.

1. Federal structure of constitution

2. Promotion of unity and integrity of the nation

3. Sovereignty of the nation

4. Supremacy of parliament

Solution:

Ans: 4

a. 1753 

b. 1763

c. 1773

d. 1783

Solution:

Ans: b

The regulating act of 1773 an act of parliament of Great Britain. For the first time it asserted the right of the parliament to dictate the form of government.