What are the Physical properties of Haloalkanes?

What are the Physical properties of Haloalkanes?

Aug 26, 2022, 16:45 IST

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HALOALKANES

1. Physical state: CH ₃ Cl , C ₂ H ₅ Cl , CH ₃ Br are gases at room temperature. The alkyl halide upto C ₁₈ are liquids, while higher are colourless solids.

2. Boiling point: The boiling point of haloalkanes are in the order RCl < RBr < RI. It is because with the increase in size and mass of the halogen atom, the magnitude of van der Waals forces of attraction increases. Among isomeric alkyl halides, the boiling point decreases with increase in branching in the alkyl group. This is due to the reason that with increase in branching the molecule acquire less surface area due to attainment of spherical shape. As a result, interparticle forces become weaker, resulting in lower boiling point.

The boiling point of various halogen compounds increases with the increase in number of halogen atoms.

Physics Wallah Chemistry Doubts page consist of more questions for reference.

The boiling point of alkyl halides shows following order,

Alkyl iodide > Alkyl bromide >Alkyl chloride (for a given alkyl group)

Methyl halide < Ethyl halide < Propyl halide (for a given halide)

1 ^o halide > 2 ^o halide > 3 ^o halide (for a given halide and alkyl group).

3. Solubility: The alkyl halides are polar in nature but still they are insoluble in water as they do not form H-bonds with water molecules.

What are the Physical properties of Haloalkanes? pdf