Formulas for Economics are significant in understanding commodities and services consumption, production, and distribution.
Some important formulas for economics at the macro level are gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rate, money multiplier rate, real GDP, consumer price index (CPI), inflation rate, real interest rate, and amount of money.
At the micro level, formulas for economics include total revenue, marginal revenue, average revenue, total cost, marginal cost, total average cost, average fixed costs, average variable costs, and profit companies earn.
Important Formulas for Economics | ||
Indicator/Term | Formula | Explanation |
GDP | GDP = C + I + G + (X - M) | Total economic output: C (Consumer Spending), I (Investment), G (Government Spending), X (Exports), M (Imports). |
Unemployment Rate | Unemployment Rate = (Number of Unemployed / Labor Force) x 100 | Percentage of unemployed people in the labor force. |
Money Multiplier Rate | Money Multiplier = 1 / Reserve Ratio | Indicates how much money supply can expand per unit of reserves held by banks. |
Real GDP | Real GDP = (Nominal GDP / GDP Deflator) x 100 | Economic output adjusted for inflation/deflation. |
CPI | CPI = (Cost of Basket in Current Year / Cost of Basket in Base Year) x 100 | The average change in consumer prices over time. |
Inflation Rate | Inflation Rate = ((CPI in Current Year - CPI in Previous Year) / CPI in Previous Year) x 100 | Percentage increase in consumer prices. |
Real Interest Rate | Real Interest Rate = Nominal Interest Rate - Inflation Rate | Adjusted interest rate considering inflation. |
Total Revenue | Total Revenue = Price x Quantity | Income from selling goods or services. |
Marginal Revenue | Marginal Revenue = Change in Total Revenue / Change in Quantity | Additional revenue from selling one more unit. |
Average Revenue | Average Revenue = Total Revenue / Quantity Sold | Average income per unit sold. |
Total Cost | Total Cost = Fixed Costs + Variable Costs | The sum of fixed and variable production costs. |
Marginal Cost | Marginal Cost = Change in Total Cost / Change in Quantity | Additional cost of producing one more unit. |
Total Average Cost | Total Average Cost = Total Cost / Quantity | Average cost per unit of output. |
Average Fixed Costs | Average Fixed Costs = Fixed Costs / Quantity | Fixed cost per unit of output. |
Average Variable Costs | Average Variable Costs = Variable Costs / Quantity | Variable cost per unit of output. |
Profit | Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost | Financial gain or loss for a firm. |
These mathematical expressions provide a structured framework for understanding and interpreting complex economic concepts. Here's the relevance of formulas for economics:
Read Related Topics | |||
What is Gain Ratio? | Market Equilibrium | Gross Investment | What is Equity? |
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