BDS 2nd Year Pathology Important MCQs With Answers

Pathology is an important subject in BDS 2nd Year, but revising its wide range of concepts can be challenging when you have to cover multiple topics before examinations. Remembering key definitions, disease processes, pathological changes and clinical associations can also become difficult without regular question practice.

PW MedEd provides BDS-focused learning resources, including Pathology lectures and practice material. Its FARRE 2nd Year BDS programme also covers Pathology along with other second-year subjects, with a focus on frequently asked and repeated university questions.

BDS 2nd Year Pathology MCQs With Answers

The following MCQs cover important areas of BDS 2nd Year Pathology and can be used for quick revision. Attempt each question before looking at the answer to assess your understanding and identify topics that need further revision.

Q1. A patient with long-standing hypertension develops thickening of the left ventricular wall without an increase in chamber size. Which cellular adaptation is responsible?

A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia

Answer: A. Hypertrophy

Q2. After partial removal of the liver for transplantation, which adaptive process helps the remaining liver regain its original size?

 A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy

Answer: B. Hyperplasia

Q3. A patient's immobilized skeletal muscle shows reduced cell size and number after prolonged casting. What is this adaptive change called?

 A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Hyperplasia

Answer: C. Atrophy

Q4. In a chronic smoker, the normal bronchial columnar epithelium is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. What type of cellular adaptation does this represent?

 A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia

Answer: D. Metaplasia

Q5. Which of the following is a characteristic molecular change seen in pathologic cardiac hypertrophy?

 A. Increase in number of cardiomyocytes
B. Switch from α-myosin heavy chain to β-myosin heavy chain
C. Activation of cardiomyocyte mitosis
D. Decreased synthesis of contractile proteins

Answer: B. Switch from α-myosin heavy chain to β-myosin heavy chain

Q6. Endometrial hyperplasia most commonly occurs due to which hormonal imbalance?

 A. Excess estrogen relative to progesterone
B. Excess progesterone relative to estrogen
C. Deficiency of both estrogen and progesterone
D. Increased androgen secretion

Answer: A. Excess estrogen relative to progesterone

Q7. Which protein degradation pathway is primarily responsible for skeletal muscle atrophy after denervation?

 A. Caspase-3–mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins
B. Lysosomal acid hydrolase activation
C. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway activation
D. Calcium-dependent phospholipase degradation

Answer: C. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway activation

Q8. A 52-year-old man with a 20-year history of gastroesophageal reflux disease is found on endoscopy to have replacement of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium by intestinal-type columnar cells, a condition known as Barrett esophagus. The most clinically significant implication of this metaplastic change is:

 A. Malabsorption due to reduced acid buffering capacity
B. Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
C. Rapid ulceration from loss of mucus-secreting cells
D. Predisposition to esophageal adenocarcinoma

Answer: D. Predisposition to esophageal adenocarcinoma

Q9. The gross and histologic images compare normal and pregnant uterine smooth muscle cells, which of the following best explains the primary molecular mechanism driving the observed cellular enlargement?

 A. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells stimulated by mechanical stretch alone
B. Progesterone-mediated nuclear enlargement without increased protein synthesis
C. Estrogen-receptor–mediated increase in smooth muscle protein synthesis
D. Growth factor–induced hyperplasia followed by secondary hypertrophy

Answer: C. Estrogen-receptor–mediated increase in smooth muscle protein synthesis

For more MCQ questions and medical exam preparation, you can practise on the PW MedEd App.

Practising BDS 2nd Year Pathology MCQs with answers can help students revise important concepts and assess their understanding before examinations. Regular practice across topics such as inflammation, cell injury, anaemia, neoplasia and healing can make revision more focused.