Rheumatoid Arthritis, Causes & Symptoms
Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that can cause pain, swelling and stiffness in joints. It is what is known as an auto-immune condition. Read the article to know more.
Nivedita Dar1 Jan, 2025
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Rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic systemic debilitating inflammatory disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints. Unlike regular arthritis, which is often linked to aging or wear and tear, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissues, particularly the joints. This leads to pain, swelling, and stiffness, which can worsen over time if left untreated.
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What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis?
The exact cause of RA is unknown. However, researchers believe a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors may play a role. Some common risk factors include:Genetics
A family history of RA may increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Gender - Women are more likely to develop RA than men. Smoking - Cigarette smoking has been linked to a higher risk of RA. Infections - Certain infections may trigger an abnormal immune response. Obesity - Being overweight may increase inflammation, contributing to RA.Read More - Radiodiagnosis
How Does Rheumatoid Arthritis Affect the Body?
RA primarily targets the joints but can also impact other parts of the body, such as the heart, lungs, eyes, and skin. In the joints, RA causes inflammation in the synovium, a thin layer of tissue that lines the joints. Over time, this inflammation can damage cartilage and bones, leading to deformities and loss of joint function.Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
The symptoms of RA can vary from person to person. They often come and go, with periods of increased disease activity called “flares” followed by periods of remission. Common symptoms include: Joint Pain and Swelling - RA often starts in smaller joints, such as those in the hands and feet, and may spread to larger joints like the knees and shoulders. Stiffness - Morning stiffness lasting more than an hour is a hallmark of RA. Fatigue - Feeling unusually tired is a common symptom, even in the early stages. Warm and Red Joints - Inflammation can make the affected joints feel warm to the touch and appear red. General Weakness - Over time, RA can cause muscle weakness around the affected joints.Diagnosing Rheumatoid Arthritis
Diagnosing RA can be tricky because its symptoms mimic other diseases. Doctors use a combination of tools to confirm the diagnosis: 1. Medical History and Physical Exam: A detailed history of symptoms and a physical examination of the joints are the first steps. 2. Blood Tests: Tests for inflammation markers (like ESR and CRP) and specific antibodies (such as rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP) can indicate RA. 3. Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds can help detect joint damage and inflammation.Read More - Pelvis and Perineum
Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Although there is no cure for RA, early diagnosis and treatment can manage symptoms, prevent joint damage, and improve quality of life. Treatment usually involves a combination of: Medications -- Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): These slow the disease’s progression.
- Biologics: Targeted drugs that reduce inflammation by blocking specific immune system pathways.
- Pain Relievers and Anti-Inflammatories: These help control pain and swelling but don’t stop joint damage.
- Healthy Diet: Eating anti-inflammatory foods like fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids can help.
- Regular Exercise: Low-impact activities like swimming or walking improve joint health and reduce stiffness.
- Stress Management: Stress can worsen RA symptoms, so relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation are beneficial.
Rheumatoid Arthritis FAQs
What are biologicals which are used for management of RA?
Biologicals are advanced medications that target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Examples include TNF inhibitors (e.g., etanercept) and IL-6 inhibitors (e.g., tocilizumab). They are used when traditional treatments are insufficient.
What are the complications of RA?
RA can cause joint deformities, loss of mobility, and damage to organs like the heart and lungs. It increases the risk of osteoporosis, infections, and cardiovascular diseases. Long-term inflammation can lead to disability if untreated.
What are the systemic manifestations of RA?
RA can affect the whole body, causing fatigue, fever, anemia, and weight loss. It may also involve organs like the lungs (pleuritis), heart (pericarditis), and eyes (scleritis). These manifestations reflect the disease’s inflammatory nature.
What is the role of inflammatory markers in diagnosing RA?
Inflammatory markers like ESR and CRP indicate the level of inflammation in the body. They help identify RA activity but are not specific to the disease. Combined with other tests, they aid in confirming the diagnosis.
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