CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Chapter 6 by PW

CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Chapter 6, "The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive," introduces students to the working of India's parliamentary democracy. The chapter explains how laws are made, how the government functions, and how Parliament ensures that the Executive remains accountable to the people.

These CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Chapter 6 provide concise explanations of all important concepts from "The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive". The notes are ideal for quick revision, homework, and exam preparation, and are based on the latest CBSE syllabus. 

CBSE Class 8 Social Science Chapter 6: The Parliamentary System, Legislature and Executive Overview

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive notes provide a clear summary of the chapter. Students will learn about:

• India's Parliamentary form of government

• The composition of Parliament

• Functions of the Legislature and Executive

• How Parliament makes laws

• Executive and financial accountability

• The role of the Judiciary

• Legislature and Executive at the State level

• Challenges faced by legislatures

These notes make it easier for students to revise the chapter and prepare confidently for school exams.

CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Chapter 6 PDF

Students can download the CBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Chapter 6 PDF for quick revision. The notes are based on the latest CBSE syllabus and explain every concept in simple points.

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive Class 8 Notes

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive Class 8 Notes explain how India's parliamentary system works and the relationship between the Legislature and the Executive. They are designed to help Class 8 students understand the chapter in a simple, exam-oriented manner.

1. Introduction

• India follows a Parliamentary form of government.

• Parliament is the supreme law-making body of the country.

• The Executive is drawn from the Legislature.

• The government remains in power only as long as it enjoys the confidence of the Lok Sabha.

• Parliament controls, guides, and checks the functioning of the government.

• The Lok Sabha has 543 elected members (earlier constitutional provision mentioned 545 including nominated seats).

2. Composition of the Parliament in India

• Parliament consists of three parts:

• President

• Lok Sabha (House of the People)

• Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

• India has a bicameral legislature, ensuring representation of both the people and the states.

• Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people.

• Members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies.

• The President is an integral part of Parliament and gives assent to Bills before they become laws.

3. Functions of Parliament

• Makes laws for the country.

• Controls and supervises the Executive.

• Manages national finances.

• Represents the will and interests of the people.

• Protects democracy and upholds the Constitution.

4. Legislative Functions

• Parliament discusses, debates, and passes laws.

• Bills are introduced and debated in Parliament.

• Parliament can amend or repeal existing laws.

• It can amend the Constitution by following special procedures.

• Example: The Right to Education Act, 2009 was enacted by Parliament.

5. Executive Accountability

• The Executive is collectively responsible to Parliament.

• Question Hour allows Members of Parliament (MPs) to question ministers.

• Zero Hour is used to raise urgent matters of public importance.

• Parliamentary Committees examine the work of government departments.

• A No-Confidence Motion can remove the government.

• The Council of Ministers must resign if it loses the confidence of the Lok Sabha.

6. Financial Accountability

• Parliament controls public expenditure.

• The Union Budget is presented before Parliament every year.

• No tax can be imposed without Parliament's approval.

• Parliament monitors the proper use of public funds.

• Reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) are examined by Parliament.

7. Executive Functions

• The President is the nominal or constitutional head of the Union.

• Real executive authority rests with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.

• The Prime Minister leads the government.

• Ministers head different ministries and departments.

• Government decisions are taken collectively by the Council of Ministers.

8. Differences Between Legislature and Executive

Legislature

• Makes laws.

• Controls and supervises the government.

• Represents the people in Parliament.

Executive

• Implements laws.

• Runs the day-to-day administration.

• Governs the country on behalf of the people.

9. Judiciary – Role of Checks and Balances

• The Judiciary interprets laws.

• Ensures that laws are consistent with the Constitution.

• Protects the Fundamental Rights of citizens.

• Can declare unconstitutional laws or government actions invalid.

• Maintains the balance between the Legislature and the Executive.

10. Legislature and Executive at the State Level

• Every state has a State Legislature and a State Executive.

• Their structure is similar to that of the Union Government.

• The Governor is the nominal head of the state.

• The Chief Minister is the real executive head.

• State laws apply only within the respective state.

11. Challenges to the Effective Functioning of Legislatures

• Frequent disruptions during parliamentary sessions.

• Limited time for detailed debates.

• Low attendance of members in some sessions.

• Increasing influence of media pressure.

• Growing complexity of modern governance.

12. Key Points to Remember

• Parliament is the cornerstone of Indian democracy.

• The Executive is accountable to the Legislature.

• Checks and balances prevent the misuse of power.

• Parliament represents the interests of the people.

• A strong Parliament is essential for a strong democracy.