ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus 2026–27: Download PDF

The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) has introduced the Class 10 Biology Syllabus for the 2026–27 academic session, aimed at developing a clear understanding of life processes, human body systems, and environmental studies. The syllabus blends conceptual learning with practical application, enabling students to strengthen their fundamentals and excel in board examinations as well as future science studies.

ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus 2026–27 

The ICSE Class 10 Biology exam consists of one written paper of 80 marks and Internal Assessment of practical work carrying 20 marks. The exam duration is 2 hours. The syllabus is structured into different units that cover both plant and human biology along with environmental topics.

1. Basic Biology

This section introduces fundamental concepts of cell division and genetics.

Key topics include:

• Cell cycle: Interphase and mitotic phase

• Mitosis and a basic understanding of meiosis

• Structure of chromosomes and DNA

• Mendel’s laws of inheritance

• Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses

• Sex determination and sex-linked diseases

Students must focus on understanding concepts like genes, alleles, genotype, and phenotype, as these are important for exams.

2. Plant Physiology

Plant physiology explains how plants function and survive.

Important topics include:

• Absorption of water by roots (diffusion, osmosis, imbibition)

• Transpiration: Process, significance, and factors affecting it

• Photosynthesis: Process, chemical equation, and experiments

• Carbon cycle and role of chlorophyll

• Plant growth regulators like auxins and gibberellins

• Tropic movements such as phototropism and geotropism

Students should also understand experiments related to transpiration and photosynthesis, as they are commonly asked in exams.

3. Human Anatomy and Physiology

This is one of the most important sections of the ICSE Class 10 Biology syllabus 2026–27.

Circulatory System

• Structure and function of the heart

• Blood components (RBC, WBC, platelets)

• Blood vessels and circulation

• Blood pressure and pulse

Excretory System

• Structure and function of kidneys

• Nephron and urine formation

• Excretory organs

Nervous System

• Structure of neuron

• Brain and spinal cord

• Reflex action and sense organs (eye and ear)

• Defects of the eye and corrective measures

Endocrine System

• Endocrine glands like thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and pituitary

• Hormones and their functions

• Effects of hormonal imbalance

Reproductive System

• Male and female reproductive organs

• Fertilization, pregnancy, and placenta

• Menstrual cycle

• Role of hormones

This section requires diagram practice and clear understanding of processes.

4. Population

This chapter focuses on population growth and its impact.

Topics include:

• Population explosion in India

• Birth rate, death rate, and population density

• Problems due to overpopulation

• Methods of population control

Students should understand both causes and solutions related to population issues.

5. Human Evolution

This section introduces the concept of evolution.

Important topics include:

• Human ancestors and evolution stages

• Lamarck’s theory of inheritance

• Darwin’s theory of natural selection

• Survival of the fittest

Understanding differences between theories is important for scoring well.

6. Pollution

This chapter explains environmental issues and their effects.

Topics include:

• Types of pollution: air, water, soil, noise, and radiation

• Sources and effects of pollution

• Greenhouse effect, global warming, and ozone depletion

• Biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste

• Pollution control measures

This section is important for awareness-based questions.

ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus 2026-27 PDF

Below, we have provided the complete syllabus PDF for your easy reference. This PDF includes all important topics, chapters, and practical details for the 2026–27 exam. 

You can download it to understand the syllabus clearly, plan your preparation effectively, and revise key concepts anytime. Keeping this PDF handy will help you stay organized throughout your board exam preparation.

ICSE Class 10 Biology Syllabus PDF Download

ICSE Class 10 Biology  Internal Assessment and Practical Work

The ICSE Class 10 Biology Internal Assessment and Practical Work are designed to help students develop scientific skills through hands-on experiments and project-based learning. It focuses on observation, accuracy, and application of theoretical concepts in real-life situations.

Part 1: Practical Work Overview & Plant Life

The practical work tests a student’s ability to make accurate observations from plant and animal specimens.

(i) Mitosis

• Observation of permanent slides showing stages of mitosis.

(ii) Basic Experiments

• Diffusion: Using potassium permanganate in water.

• Osmosis: Thistle funnel experiment and potato osmoscope.

• Absorption: Using a small herbaceous plant.

(iii) Transpiration Experiments

• Demonstration using a bell jar.

• Unequal transpiration using cobalt chloride paper.

• Water uptake and transpiration rate using Ganong’s potometer.

(iv) Photosynthesis Experiments

• To show the need for light, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll.

• To show oxygen release using hydrilla/elodea.

Part 2: Animal Life

(i) Identification (Models/Charts)

• Urinary system

• Heart

• Kidney (internal structure)

• Brain (external view)

(ii) Microscopic Study

• Identification of different types of blood cells.

(iii) Sense Organs

• Internal structure of the ear and eye (models/charts).

(iv) Endocrine Glands

• Identification and location of:

• Adrenal

• Pancreas

• Thyroid

• Pituitary glands

Part 3: Evaluation & Marks Distribution

• Practical/project work is assessed by:

• Internal Examiner (Subject Teacher)

• External Examiner

• Both examiners evaluate independently.

Preparation Tips for ICSE Class 10 Biology 2026–27

To score well in Biology, students should follow these strategies:

• Focus on understanding concepts rather than memorizing

• Practice diagrams regularly

• Revise important definitions and processes

• Solve previous year questions

• Prepare short notes for quick revision

Consistency and regular practice are key to success.