Daily Current Affairs 11 April 2026: Judicial Removal, Soil Sakhi and Global Growth Outlook

Daily Current Affairs 11 April 2026 cover critical national and international developments. We will explore the constitutional framework governing the removal of judges in India and examine the significant Soil Sakhi initiative aimed at empowering farmers. 

Additionally, we will gain insights into GLP-1 therapy for managing diabetes and obesity, understand the literary legacy of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, and analyze the World Bank's revised growth projections amidst geopolitical tensions.

Judicial Removal Process in India

This section outlines the process for removing judges in India, a topic with a high probability of questions in competitive exams.

1. Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Removal

The Indian Constitution uses the term "Removal" for judges, not "Impeachment".

• Supreme Court Judges: Their removal is governed by Article 124.

• High Court Judges: Their removal falls under Article 217 and Article 218.

• A judge's removal requires a President's order, issued only after a motion is passed by both Houses of Parliament.

2. Detailed Procedure: Judges Inquiry Act, 1968

The comprehensive procedure for judicial removal is established by the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968.

• Initiation of Motion:

• A motion can be initiated in either the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha.

• It requires signatures from at least 100 Members of Parliament (MPs) in Lok Sabha or 50 MPs in Rajya Sabha.

• Role of Presiding Officer:

• The Speaker (Lok Sabha) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha) receives the motion and has the discretion to admit or reject it.

• Three-Member Inquiry Committee:

• If the motion is admitted, a three-member committee is formed.

• Its composition includes:

1. The Chief Justice of India (or a Supreme Court Judge).

2. The Chief Justice of a High Court.

3. A distinguished Jurist.

• This committee investigates the charges and submits a report.

• Grounds for Removal:

• A judge can be found guilty based on Proven Misbehaviour or Incapacity.

• Parliamentary Passage:

• If the committee finds the judge guilty, the motion must be passed by both Houses of Parliament.

• It requires a Special Majority: 2/3rd members present and voting, along with a majority of the total membership of the House.

• Presidential Assent:

• Once passed by both Houses, the motion is sent to the President for assent, finalizing the removal process.

3. Historical Attempts at Judicial Removal in India

Historically, no judge has ever been formally removed through this process in India.

• Justice V. Ramaswami: Found guilty by the inquiry committee, but the motion failed in Parliament.

• Justice Soumitra Sen (2011): The motion passed in Rajya Sabha, but he resigned before a Lok Sabha vote.

• Justice S.K. Ganguly: An inquiry committee found no evidence against him regarding allegations.

• Justice J.V. Pardiwala: An impeachment motion was initiated, but he withdrew his statements, stopping the process.

4. Judicial Accountability Mechanisms

To ensure judicial accountability, several mechanisms are in place:

• Internal Judicial Process: The judiciary has a confidential internal system to handle complaints and misconduct against judges.

• Contempt of Court: Courts can take suo motu action against those who undermine the judiciary's integrity or dignity.

• Re-statement of Values of Judicial Life: This code of ethics guides judges' conduct, though it is not legally binding.

5. Comparative Study: Judicial Removal in Other Countries

Judicial removal processes are broadly similar globally, with minor variations.

Soil Sakhi Initiative

The Soil Sakhi initiative trains rural women to act as community-level soil advisors. (Memory Tip: Remember "Sakhi" means friend. Soil Sakhi are friends to farmers, helping them with soil knowledge.)

• Role: Soil Sakhi collect soil samples, assist in testing, and advise farmers on:

• Soil nutrient deficiencies.

• Suitable crop selection.

• Appropriate fertilizer application.

• Sustainable agricultural practices for improved yields.

• Objective: To close the knowledge gap for farmers regarding soil health.

• Training: Provided by the Man Desi Foundation, a non-profit organization active in Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka.

• Benefits:

• Women empowerment.

• Enhanced farm productivity.

• Reduced misuse of fertilizers.

Related Government Initiatives

• Soil Health Card Scheme (2015): Provides farmers with cards detailing their soil's health, testing for 12 parameters including Macro-nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium), Secondary nutrient (Sulfur), Micro-nutrients (Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Boron), and other parameters (pH, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Carbon).

• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) (2015): Focuses on improving water availability, conservation, preventing soil erosion, and watershed development.

• Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Promotes organic farming practices.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Tributes were recently paid on the death anniversary of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

• Birth & Education: Born in 1838 in the Bengal Presidency, he was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta.

• Career: Served as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector after clearing the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination.

• Key Works (in Bengali Literature):

• Durgesh Nandini: Considered the first major Bengali novel.

• Kapal Kundala: Explored themes of romance and spirituality.

• Anand Math: Introduced the patriotic song Vande Mataram.

• Devi Chaudhurani: Focused on themes of women empowerment.

• Influence: His works significantly influenced prominent leaders like Sri Aurobindo, Mahatma Gandhi, and Rabindranath Tagore.

• National Song: His composition, Vande Mataram, was adopted as the National Song of India on January 24, 1950.

GLP-1 Therapy for Diabetes and Obesity

This section explains GLP-1 Therapy for diabetes management and weight loss.

2. GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Hormone

GLP-1 is a natural hormone that signals satiety (a feeling of fullness) after eating.

3. GLP-1 Therapy (Incretin-Based Drugs)

These drugs mimic the action of natural GLP-1 hormone.

• They increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.

• They reduce glucagon release.

• Crucially, they slow down gastric emptying, which prolongs the feeling of fullness.

• This leads to reduced appetite and contributes to weight loss, helping manage Type 2 Diabetes.

4. Target Population: "Thin Fat Phenotype"

The "Thin Fat Phenotype" refers to individuals with a low Body Mass Index but a disproportionately high amount of abdominal fat. This is common in South Asian populations. GLP-1 therapy is considered highly effective for this specific phenotype.

5. Current Market Dynamics: Semaglutide and Affordability

The recent patent expiry of Semaglutide, a key GLP-1 drug, has made the therapy more affordable and accessible. This has led to increased market competition and improved health outcomes for individuals managing obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

6. Regulatory Status

The first GLP-1 medications were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) in 2005. In India, these drugs require a doctor's prescription and are included in the WHO's Essential Medicines List.

Growth Outlook Amid West Asia Conflict

The World Bank has revised its growth projections, citing the West Asia conflict as a significant factor.

• India's FY27 Growth Revision:

• Previously projected at 7.2%.

• Revised down to 6.6%.

• Reasons for Revision (Impact of West Asia Conflict): Negative impact on energy supply, slowdown in industrial activity, and disruptions in raw material availability.

• India's Mitigating Factors: India is well-positioned due to strong FY26 performance, robust domestic demand, and growth-promoting reforms.

• South Asia Regional Outlook: The overall growth projection for South Asia has been revised from 7% to 6.3%.

GDP Concepts

• Nominal GDP: Measures economic output at current market prices.

• Real GDP: Measures economic output at constant market prices and is adjusted for inflation.

• GDP Formula: C + I + G + NX (Consumption expenditure + Investment + Government expenditure + Net eXports).