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Appiko movement was started in September 1983 to save the Kalase forest of the Western Ghats. Appiko Movement was a grassroots environmental movement inspired by the famous Chipko Movement.
Aditya Kumar12 May, 2025
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Appiko Movement was a strong environmental campaign started in September 1983 in Salkani village, Sirsi taluk, Karnataka. In this movement, people stood up to protect their trees, rivers, and traditional rights in ecologically sensitive Western Ghats. In the Appiko Movement, villagers hugged trees to stop deforestation and save their environment. Keep reading to learn more!
Appiko Movement of Western Ghats
The Appiko Movement took place in the Western Ghats, one of the richest biodiversity zones in India. This mountain range runs through the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. The Appiko Movement started in Karnataka, especially in the Uttara Kannada district, which has thick forests and valuable species.The word Appiko means "to hug" in the local Kannada language. Inspired by the Chipko Movement in the Himalayas, the people of the Western Ghats decided to protect their trees the same way, by hugging them. The Appiko Movement focused on saving natural forests, promoting sustainable lifestyles, and opposing commercial exploitation of resources.
History of Appiko Movement
The Appiko Movement was started in September 1983 in the village of Salkani, located in Sirsi taluk, Karnataka. At that time, the Karnataka Forest Department had allowed the felling of natural forests for commercial use. Contractors began to cut down trees rapidly. Local people, who depended on these forests for fuel, fodder, fruits, and herbs, feared losing their livelihoods. That’s when a school teacher and environmentalist, Pandurang Hegde, decided to take action. He mobilised villagers and started a non-violent protest. Just like in the Chipko Movement, people hugged trees and stopped the axes from falling. Women, children, and elders all participated. They formed human chains around trees and shouted slogans. Within days, the felling was stopped. This was the birth of the Appiko Movement. It soon became a people’s campaign across the region.
Appiko Movement’s Key Objectives
The Appiko Movement had broader goals. The villagers wanted to protect their environment and their traditional ways of living. Here are the key objectives:
Stop deforestation: Prevent the cutting of natural forests for timber and industries.
Promote afforestation: Encourage the planting of local tree species suitable for the region.
Spread awareness: Educate people about the importance of forests using street plays, folk songs, and padayatras (marches).
Protect biodiversity: Save rare and native species of plants, animals, and birds.
Fight commercial exploitation: Oppose projects like hydroelectric dams and monoculture plantations that harm the ecosystem.
The Appiko Movement aimed to build a bridge between traditional forest knowledge and modern environmental awareness.
Appiko Movement Leader
Pandurang Hegde, a resident of Uttara Kannada in Karnataka, led the Appiko Movement in 1983 to protect the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats from deforestation. Inspired by the Chipko Movement, he mobilized villagers to hug trees and resist commercial logging. His efforts raised environmental awareness and linked forest conservation with local livelihoods.
Hegde’s leadership halted large-scale deforestation, influenced forest policies, and inspired movements against destructive projects. His vision emphasized sustainable use of forests, and his non-violent approach made Appiko a lasting symbol of ecological and community resilience in southern India.
Major Events in Appiko Campaign
Several key events marked the journey of the Appiko Movement:
Date
Event
Outcome
August 1983
Villagers requested the forest department to stop felling in Bilegal forest; requests ignored
Ignored by authorities, leading to grassroots mobilization
8 September 1983
Launch of Appiko Movement: villagers hugged trees to stop felling in Kalase forest
Start of non-violent protest, tree felling halted temporarily
September–October 1983
38-day agitation: continuous protests and tree-hugging to prevent logging
Forced state government to withdraw tree felling order
Late 1983
Movement spreads to nearby districts and forests
Expansion of protest, increased awareness across the region
1984–1985
Large-scale reforestation: over 1.2 million saplings planted in Sirsi region
Restoration of forest cover, promotion of sustainable practices
1980s (after 1983)
Policy changes: state government and forest department adopt sustainable forestry measures
Ban on clear felling, restrictions on logging green trees
Each of these events showed the strength of community-led movements. The Appiko Movement taught that even small villages could challenge big decisions.
Impact of the Appiko Movement
The Appiko Movement had a strong impact on both local and national levels. Here are some of the major outcomes:
Policy Changes: The Karnataka Forest Department reduced commercial logging in sensitive areas.
Increased Awareness: The movement educated thousands about deforestation and environmental damage.
Inclusion in Textbooks: The story of Appiko became part of school syllabi, inspiring students across India.
Boosted Eco-activism: Many young people joined environmental movements after Appiko.
Link with Development: The movement raised questions about the cost of so-called “development projects.”
Appiko vs. Chipko Movement
Both Appiko and Chipko Movements were forest conservation movements. But they had differences in regions and focus.
Feature
Chipko Movement
Appiko Movement
Year
1973
1983
Location
Uttarakhand (Himalayan region, North India)
Karnataka (Western Ghats, South India)
Meaning of Name
"Chipko" means "to hug" in Hindi
"Appiko" means "to hug" in Kannada
Main Leaders
Sunderlal Bahuguna, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, rural women
Panduranga Hegde, villagers of Western Ghats
Objective
Protect Himalayan forests from commercial logging
Protect Western Ghats forests from commercial exploitation and monoculture plantations
Cause
Large-scale deforestation by government/private contractors
Commercial felling for timber, replacement of native forests with monocultures
Outcome
Influenced national forest policy (Forest Conservation Act 1980), stopped deforestation in many areas
Halted deforestation in key areas, promoted reforestation, influenced state policy
Despite the differences, both movements share several common grounds. Both used the idea of hugging trees to prevent deforestation and were led by local communities with strong participation from women. Today, as climate change worsens, the lessons from the Appiko Movement are more relevant than ever. Protecting our forests is not just about saving trees. It is about saving ourselves.
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