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Journal entries are the first records of financial transactions, written in chronological order. They show which account is debited and which is credited under the double entry system.
Why are Journal Entries called the Book of Original Entry?
They are called the book of original entry. Because every financial transaction is first recorded in the journal before being transferred to individual ledger accounts.
What is the difference between simple and compound journal entries?
A simple journal entry involves only two accounts, one debit and one credit. A compound entry involves more than two accounts where multiple debits or credits can be recorded in a single transaction.
Journal Entries Class 11, Format, Rules, Types, Examples
Muskan Verma1 Sept, 2025
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Journal Entries Class 11: In Class 11 Accountancy, Journal Entries are the foundation of accounting basics. Every financial transaction is first recorded in the journal. This process is a part of the double entry system. Understanding Journal Entries Class 11 helps students build a strong base for higher classes. Journal problems are also solved with the help of correct journal entries.
What are Journal Entries Class 11?
Journal Entries Class 11 are the records of all financial transactions in chronological order. These records show which account is debited and which account is credited. Journal Entries follow the double entry system, meaning every transaction has two sides – debit and credit. This is the starting point of accounting basics.
Characteristics of Journal Entries Class 11
Journal entries have some key characteristics, below we’ve mentioned the characteristic that students should know:
Chronological Record: They record transactions in the order they happen.
Double Entry System: Each transaction affects two accounts, one debit and one credit.
Complete Details: They include the date, accounts involved, and amounts.
Narration: A short explanation is written to describe the transaction.
Book of Original Entry: Journal entries are the first step before posting to individual ledger accounts.
Types of Journal Entries
There are mainly two types of Journal Entries Class 11. These are:
Simple Journal Entry: Only two accounts are involved. One is debited and the other is credited.
Compound Journal Entry: More than two accounts are involved. One or more accounts may be debited or credited together.
Format of Journal Entries
The format of Journal Entries Class 11 is simple and easy to follow. Below, we’ve mentioned the format of journal entries:
Format of Journal Entries
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
YYYY/MM/DD
Name of Account Dr.
To Name of Account
(Narration)
Debit Amount
Credit Amount
Date: When the transaction happened.
Particulars: The names of accounts involved. Debit first with "Dr." and then credit with "To".
L.F.: Ledger Folio number (left blank until ledger posting).
Debit and Credit: Amounts debited and credited.
How to Record Jounral Entries?
To record journal entries, follow these steps carefully:
Step 1 Identify the Accounts: Find the two accounts that are involved in the transaction.
Step 2 Classify the Accounts: Decide whether each account is an asset, liability, expense, income, or capital.
Step 3 Apply Debit and Credit Rules:
Assets and expenses increase on debit and decrease on credit.
Liabilities, income, and capital increase on credit and decrease on debit.
Step 4 Write Date and Accounts: Record the date first, then write the accounts with a debit above and credit below, putting "To" before the credit account.
Step 5 Enter the Amounts: Put debit and credit amounts in their columns.
Step 6 Add Narration: Write a brief description to explain the transaction.
Step 7 Divide Entries: Draw a line after each entry to separate it from the next.
Journal Entries for some Specific Transactions
Here are some common Journal Entries Class 11 explained:
Example 1: Business Started with Cash ₹50,000
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
2025/08/21
Cash A/c Dr.
To Capital A/c(Being business started)
50,000
50,000
Example 2: Purchased Goods for Cash ₹20,000
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
2025/08/21
Purchases A/c Dr.
To Cash A/c(Being goods purchased)
20,000
20,000
Example 3: Paid Rent ₹5,000
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
2025/08/21
Rent A/c Dr.
To Cash A/c(Being rent paid)
5,000
5,000
Example 4: Received Commission ₹3,000
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
2025/08/21
Cash A/c Dr.
To Commission A/c(Being commission received)
3,000
3,000
Example 5: Cash Transaction
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
01/04/20XX
Cash A/c Dr.
To Sales A/c(Being goods sold for cash)
15,000
15,000
Example 6: Credit Purchase
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
03/04/20XX
Purchases A/c Dr.
To Ram Traders A/c(Being goods purchased on credit)
20,000
20,000
Example 7: Bad Debts
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
05/04/20XX
Bad Debts A/c Dr.
To Ramesh A/c(Being amount from Ramesh written off as bad debts)
5,000
5,000
Example 8: Outstanding Expenses
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
07/04/20XX
Salary A/c Dr.
To Outstanding Salary A/c(Being salary outstanding)
8,000
8,000
Example 9: Accrued Income
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
08/04/20XX
Accrued Income A/c Dr.
To Interest Income A/c(Being interest income accrued)
4,000
4,000
Example 10. Depreciation
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
09/04/20XX
Depreciation A/c Dr.
To Machinery A/c(Being depreciation charged on machinery)
6,000
6,000
Example 11. Purchase Return
Date
Particulars
L.F.
Debit (₹)
Credit (₹)
10/04/20XX
Ram Traders A/c Dr.
To Purchase Return A/c(Being goods returned to supplier)
3,000
3,000
Journal Entries Class 11 are the base of accounting basics. They help in recording transactions under the double entry system. Practicing journal problems regularly will make concepts easy to understand. By mastering Journal Entries Class 11, students can easily move ahead in the study of accountancy.
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