Tribes in Odisha, Cultural Significance of Tribes in Odisha
Read about Tribes in Odisha in this page. It contains the detailed information about tribes in Odisha including list of major tribes in Odisha and cultural significance of tribes in Odisha.
Goldi Tomar8 Jan, 2025
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Tribes in Odisha: The state of Odisha has the third-highest population of tribal people in the country , according to the 2011 Census. With 64 separate tribal communities dispersed throughout 30 districts and 314 blocks, the state boasts a singular distinction. They make up 9.17% of the nation's overall tribal population and 22.85% of the state's total population.
Also read: GI Tag in Odisha
Tribes in Odisha
Among the Indian states, Odisha stands out for having a vibrant and diverse tribal environment. The majority of Odisha's Scheduled Tribes reside in forested and hilly areas. Their economy is mostly non-specialized, non-stratified, and focused on sustenance. They have little needs and desires, and their social structure is straightforward. Despite their social, educational, and economic backwardness brought on by geo historical factors, Odisha's Scheduled Tribes have a unique social-cultural environment. Following independence, the path of socioeconomic development has accelerated. In Odisha, 64 Scheduled Tribes speak up to 74 dialects.Also read: Capital of Odisha
Some Major Tribes in Odisha
Odisha is home to over 60 tribal communities, each with its distinct way of life. Some of the major tribes in Odisha are:Santals
The Santals are one of the largest tribes in Odisha, particularly found in the districts of Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, and Sundargarh. They speak the Santali language, which belongs to the Austroasiatic language family. The Santals are known for their agricultural practices, mainly rice, and for their traditional dance forms like Jhumar and Chhau , which are performed during festivals and rituals.Gonds
The Gonds are another significant tribes in Odisha, primarily residing in the western and southern parts of the state, especially in districts like Koraput, Kalahandi, and Nabarangpur. They speak the Gondi language, which is part of the Dravidian language family. Traditionally, the Gonds are forest dwellers and farmers, known for their deep connection to nature and the forests. They are skilled in arts and crafts, particularly in wood carving and painting.Oraons
Predominantly found in the districts of Sundargarh, Keonjhar, and Balangir, the Oraons are another large tribes in Odisha. They are known for their agricultural activities, especially the cultivation of rice, as well as for their traditional forms of dance and music. The Oraons practice animism and worship nature gods, with festivals like Sarhul being significant in their cultural calendar.Konds
The Konds are spread across the districts of Kandhamal, Gajapati, and Rayagada. One of the most fascinating aspects of the Kond community is their worship of Penu , a local deity, and their unique practice of Dongria Kondh in the hill areas. The Konds are also known for their practice of "Sohara," a festival that marks the transition between seasons. Historically, they are famous for their resistance against colonial rule, especially during the time of the British Empire, when they fought against the forced land acquisitions and imposition of taxes.Saoras
The Saoras are an indigenous tribe mostly found in the districts of Ganjam, Gajapati, and Rayagada. They are known for their elaborate art forms, particularly Saora paintings , which are intricate and symbolic. The Saoras engage in agriculture, especially the cultivation of millet, and are also known for their practice of Marang Buru , a form of ancestral worship.Bondas
The Bonda tribe resides mainly in the remote hill areas of the Malkangiri district in southern Odisha. They are one of the most primitive tribes of India, often characterized by their distinct dress, which includes colorful beads and minimal clothing, especially among women.Also read: Dams in Odisha
Cultural Significance of Tribes in Odisha
The tribes in Odisha are deeply rooted in their traditions, customs, and beliefs, which often revolve around nature, animism, and the worship of ancestors. The role of festivals, music, dance, and folklore in these communities cannot be overstated.- Religion and Beliefs
- Traditional Art and Craft
- Dance and Music
- Language and Literature
Tribes in Odisha FAQs
There are how many tribes in Odisha?
There are more than 60 tribes in Odisha.
Which is the largest tribal community in Odisha?
The Santal tribe is one of the largest tribal groups in Odisha.
What is the main occupation of tribes in Odisha?
Most tribal communities in Odisha are engaged in agriculture, hunting, and gathering.
Which tribal group in Odisha is known for the Chhau dance?
The Chhau dance is primarily associated with the Santal, Munda, and other tribes of the Mayurbhanj region.
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