Inoculation in Medicine and Microbiology, Methods, Vaccination

Inoculation: Inoculation is the process of introducing infectious agents into the body to stimulate immunity. Historically, infectious substances were introduced into the skin's absorption surface. However, as medical science advanced, the process grew to include vaccines. Vaccination is a type of inoculation that involves introducing a modified and weakened version of the infectious particle into the body.

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Inoculation Meaning In Hindi

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Inoculation Microbiology

Mammary Glands

Methods for Inoculation in Bacteriology

Streak Plate Method

1. Inoculate clinical specimens onto agar media using sterile inoculation loops. Gently spread the specimen on a section of the culture media surface.
2. Extract the loop from the inoculated area and distribute it into a second part.
3. Repeat the extraction and dispersion process for the third and fourth sections, ensuring sections 1 and 4 do not overlap. Deposit the used inoculation loop into suitable containers.
4. Replace the lid and incubate the streaked agar plate at the optimal temperature (inverted) to prevent condensation.

Okazaki Fragments

Pour Plate Method

1. Serial dilution – Serial dilution can be carried out with sterile broth or distilled water for liquid samples. For semisolid or solid samples, emulsification must occur before serial dilution to reduce the microbial load to permissible limits.
2. In the pour plate method, the sample is either added to the Petri plate and then poured with molten agar medium or mixed with the molten agar medium before pouring.
3. Allow the medium to solidify before incubating it at the appropriate temperature to cultivate the microbes present in the sample. Count the number of isolated colonies after incubation.

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Agar Stab Technique

1. Select a well-isolated colony using aseptic technique with a sterile inoculating stab needle and stab it several times through the agar to the base of the tube.
2. Replace the cap and loosely secure it during incubation to allow gas exchange.
3. Incubate the stabbed plate at the appropriate temperature.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Spread Plate Method

1. Inoculate the clinical specimen onto agar media using a sterile spreader. Gently spread the bacteria over the entire surface of the culture media by rotating the plate while spreading it back and forth. Avoid allowing the spreader to touch the edges of the plate.
2. Replace the lid and stand the plate upright for drying (10-12 minutes).
3. Incubate the spread agar plate at the optimal temperature with the lid at the base (inverted).

Plasma Membrane Structure

Inoculating Loops

Hypotonic Solution

Inoculating Needles

Inoculation vs Vaccination in Immunology