Physics Wallah

Difference Between Compiler and Interpreter

Differences between Compiler and Interpreter, two important tools in computer programming. Learn about The Definition, Functions, Code Errors, pros and cons and Dynamic Interpretation and Static Compilation.
authorImageRanvijay Singh16 Nov, 2023
Share

Share

Difference Between Compiler and Interpreter

When it comes to coding, understanding the difference between compiler and interpreter is crucial. In this article, we'll delve into the technical aspects of these two vital software programs.

Criterion Compiler Interpreter
Definition A compiler is a program that translates code written in one language to another, typically a low-level language like assembly so that it can be executed by a computer. An interpreter executes code directly, translating one line of code at a time.
Functions
  • It reads the entire source code and, if there are no errors or warnings, compiles it all into an executable program. This makes the program faster and more efficient in terms of execution, as it can be run repeatedly and does not need to be recompiled each time.
  • Compilers are often used for larger applications, as they can take longer to compile but generate more efficient code.
  • Interpreters offer more functionality by allowing users to run a program without having to fully compile it first.
  • Interpreters are beneficial for testing code, allowing for quick feedback, and are also useful for scripting languages.
  • An interpreter trades speed for flexibility and is best utilized in a development setting or when developing smaller-sized code.
Compilation
  • At its core, a compiler takes your source code and turns it into machine code that your hardware can understand. This process happens before the code is ever run, and because of that, any errors must be fixed before compiling.
  • A compiler can catch errors that an interpreter may miss, as well as optimize the code into machine language for more efficient execution.
  • An interpreter, on the other hand, reads each line of code and executes it in real-time, translating on the fly. This means that code can be tested and modified without needing to be recompiled. However, this also means that an interpreter can be slower than a compiled program.
  • An interpreter can provide more flexibility for dynamic programming and easier debugging.
Performance
  • A compiler is much faster in execution since it converts the entire code into machine language before running it.
  • Compilers generally produce faster-running code because it has already been translated and optimized.
  • An interpreter allows for dynamic interpretation, where code changes can occur during runtime without the need to recompile the entire code.
  • Interpreters, however, offer greater flexibility and are better suited for testing and debugging.
Dynamic Interpretation and Static Compilation Compilers take source code and translate it into machine-readable instructions, which can be executed by the computer. They do this by reading the entire source code and generating an executable file. The process is called static compilation. Interpreters, on the other hand, read a line of code at a time and execute it. This is called dynamic interpretation.
Code Errors
  • When a compiler encounters an error, it will stop compiling and notify the programmer about the error.
  • Some compilers can be configured to continue compiling even when they encounter errors, allowing programmers to identify multiple errors at once rather than fixing them one at a time.
  • Interpreters, on the other hand, will continue running the program until they encounter the error in question. This can make it more difficult to identify and fix errors in interpreted code, as the error may be buried deep within the program.
  • To help mitigate these issues, many interpreters include debugging tools that allow programmers to step through their code, identify errors, and correct them on the fly.
Debugging
  • When debugging with a compiler, errors are detected before the program is executed. This is because a compiler transforms code into an executable file, and errors in the code are detected during compilation.
  • When using an interpreter, errors are detected during runtime. This allows for changes to the code in real time, making it easier to identify and correct errors.
Pros
  • The benefit of a compiler is that it can catch errors before the code is run, while an interpreter can immediately show the results.
  • Code errors are often easier to identify with a compiler.
  • One key benefit is that it allows for testing code before compiling it, which can save time and effort.
  • Additionally, code written in an interpreted language tends to be more versatile and flexible than compiled code, as it can be executed on a variety of platforms without the need for recompilation.
Cons
  • Compiling can take longer than interpreting, resulting in slower performance.
  • Dynamic interpretation allows for code changes during execution, while static compilation requires a new executable to be compiled each time.
  • Debugging can be more difficult.
  • Interpreters can be slower than compiled languages due to the need to interpret code on the fly, and may also be more prone to errors if not properly debugged.
  • Another downside of interpreted languages is that they tend to consume more system resources than compiled programs, which can make them less efficient for large-scale operations.
Examples Java, C++, C Python, Ruby, JavaScript

Both compilers and interpreters play an important role in programming by translating human-readable code into machine-executable instructions. While compilers produce an executable file directly, interpreters execute code line by line in real time.

Choosing between a compiler or interpreter depends on the specific project requirements and the programmer's level of expertise. Understanding the key differences between compilers and interpreters will not only help you choose the right approach for your project but also help you improve your overall programming skills.

Knowing what happens to the code when it's executed is also essential for debugging and optimization. So, whatever your choice is, always remember to write clean, optimized, and well-commented code.

Difference Between Compiler and Interpreter FAQs

Q1. What is the major difference between a compiler and interpreter?

Ans. A compiler processes the entire code and translates it into machine language before it begins execution. This means that the code can be executed faster since it has already been translated. On the other hand, an interpreter translates the code line by line, executing each line immediately after it has been translated. This process is slower compared to a compiler since the code is translated at runtime, but it allows for better error checking as the interpreter can identify and highlight errors as it goes.

Q2. What is an example of a compiler and an interpreter?

Ans. Examples of Compiler-based programming languages are Java, C++, and C. Examples of interpreter-based programming include Ruby, JavaScript, and Python.
Popup Close ImagePopup Open Image
Talk to a counsellorHave doubts? Our support team will be happy to assist you!
Popup Image
CTA Image
008448982616
Check out these Related Articles
BlogImage
GATE
Share
NHIDCL Deputy Manager Recruitment 2025
Read Full Story
26 Sept 2025, 03:21 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
GATE Exam Date 2026, Check Latest Update
Read Full Story
26 Sept 2025, 12:14 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
DTESDE Recruitment Through GATE 2026 Short Notification Out
Read Full Story
24 Sept 2025, 03:34 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
GATE Aptitude Syllabus 2026, Topic-Wise Aptitude Syllabus PDF
Read Full Story
24 Sept 2025, 12:26 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
GATE Production And Industrial Engineering Syllabus 2026, Section-Wise Topics
Read Full Story
24 Sept 2025, 12:24 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
GATE Application Form 2026 (Out), Apply Online Link, Documents Required, Key Details
Read Full Story
23 Sept 2025, 08:24 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
What is the Salary of GATE Toppers? Check Salary Breakdown, Monthly Pay, Bonuses & Perks
Read Full Story
23 Sept 2025, 07:14 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
GATE Notification 2026 Out, Important Dates, Registration Link, Fees
Read Full Story
23 Sept 2025, 07:02 pm
BlogImage
GATE
Share
GATE Exam Pattern 2026, Explore Branch-Wise Paper Format
Read Full Story
23 Sept 2025, 06:59 pm
Join 15 Million students on the app today!
Point IconLive & recorded classes available at ease
Point IconDashboard for progress tracking
Point IconMillions of practice questions at your fingertips
Download ButtonDownload Button
Banner Image
Banner Image
Free Learning Resources
Know about Physics Wallah
Physics Wallah is an Indian edtech platform that provides accessible & comprehensive learning experiences to students from Class 6th to postgraduate level. We also provide extensive NCERT solutions, sample paper, NEET, JEE Mains, BITSAT previous year papers & more such resources to students. Physics Wallah also caters to over 3.5 million registered students and over 78 lakh+ Youtube subscribers with 4.8 rating on its app.
We Stand Out because
We provide students with intensive courses with India’s qualified & experienced faculties & mentors. PW strives to make the learning experience comprehensive and accessible for students of all sections of society. We believe in empowering every single student who couldn't dream of a good career in engineering and medical field earlier.
Our Key Focus Areas
Physics Wallah's main focus is to make the learning experience as economical as possible for all students. With our affordable courses like Lakshya, Udaan and Arjuna and many others, we have been able to provide a platform for lakhs of aspirants. From providing Chemistry, Maths, Physics formula to giving e-books of eminent authors like RD Sharma, RS Aggarwal and Lakhmir Singh, PW focuses on every single student's need for preparation.
What Makes Us Different
Physics Wallah strives to develop a comprehensive pedagogical structure for students, where they get a state-of-the-art learning experience with study material and resources. Apart from catering students preparing for JEE Mains and NEET, PW also provides study material for each state board like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and others
Privacy Policy
Terms of use
Copyright © 2025 Physicswallah Limited All rights reserved.