Important Articles For Railway Exams 2026 (Articles 1 to 395) | 10 Minute King Series By Raja Sir

Understanding the Important Articles For Railway Exams 2026 is fundamental for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations. This guide, part of the 10 Minute King Series by Raja Sir, systematically explores key constitutional provisions, offering a concise overview of their significance and application. The focus is on core concepts that frequently appear in exam questions, ensuring you master the Indian Constitution efficiently."

Part I: The Union and its Territory

This section defines India as a nation and outlines provisions for its territorial administration.

Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union

• India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.

Article 2: Admission or Establishment of New States

• Empowers Parliament to admit or establish new states (e.g., incorporating territory from another country).

Article 3: Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States

• Empowers Parliament to change the boundaries or names of existing states or form new states.

Part II: Citizenship

Articles 5-11: Citizenship

• These articles lay down the legal framework and provisions related to citizenship of India.

Part III: Fundamental Rights

Fundamental Rights are guaranteed to all citizens, forming a cornerstone of the Constitution.

Articles 12-35: Fundamental Rights

• These articles encompass the provisions related to Fundamental Rights.

Article 12: Definition of "State"

• Defines "State" for the purpose of Fundamental Rights, including the Central Government, State Governments, and all other institutions.

Right to Equality

The Right to Equality ensures equal treatment under the law.

Articles 14-18: Right to Equality

• These articles collectively provide for the Right to Equality.

Article 14: Equality before Law

• Guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.

Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination

• Prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability

• Abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form. (Memory Tip: Article 17 can be associated with "khatra" (danger), as in the danger of untouchability.)

Article 18: Abolition of Titles

• Prohibits the state from conferring titles (except military or academic distinctions) and restricts citizens from accepting foreign titles.

Right to Freedom

The Right to Freedom protects various liberties essential for a democratic society.

Articles 19-22: Right to Freedom

• These articles cover the collective provisions for the Right to Freedom.

Article 19: Freedom of Speech and Expression

• Guarantees the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression, including the right to speak, write, and engage in peaceful protest. This is a very important article.

Article 19(1)(c): Freedom to Form Associations

• Guarantees the freedom to form associations or unions. (Memory Tip: The Hindi word "संघ" (Sangh) for association sounds like 'C' for clause 1(c). )

Article 20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences

• Provides protection in respect of conviction for offences, ensuring no person is subjected to double jeopardy, ex post facto laws, or self-incrimination. (Memory Tip: "दोष" (dosh - fault/conviction) sounds like 10; multiply by 2 to get 20.)

Article 21: Protection of Life and Personal Liberty

• Guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, encompassing a broad range of rights necessary for a dignified life, including the right to live, sleep, and marry according to one's will.

Article 21A: Right to Education

• Guarantees the Right to Education for children between six and fourteen years. This article was added in 2002.

Article 24: Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc.

• Prohibits the employment of children below 14 years of age in factories and other hazardous work. (Memory Tip: Add 10 to 14 to get 24.)

Article 29: Protection of Interests of Minorities

• Empowers minorities to preserve their distinct language, script, and culture.

Right to Constitutional Remedies

Article 32: Remedies for Enforcement of Rights (Constitutional Remedies)

• Provides the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, including the power to issue writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto, and Certiorari). Dr. B.R. Ambedkar referred to this article as the "Soul of the Constitution".

Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the government to achieve social and economic justice.

Articles 36-51: Directive Principles of State Policy

• These provisions are related to Directive Principles of State Policy, which were borrowed from Ireland.

Article 40: Organization of Village Panchayats

• Directs the state to organize Village Panchayats and endow them with powers and authority to function as units of self-government.

Article 44: Uniform Civil Code (UCC)

• Directs the state to endeavor to secure for the citizens a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India. Uttarakhand is mentioned as the first state to implement it.

Part IVA: Fundamental Duties

Article 51A: Fundamental Duties

• Contains 11 Fundamental Duties that citizens are expected to uphold. These duties were borrowed from Russia (erstwhile USSR).

Part V: The Union

This part deals with the Union Executive and Parliament.

Article 52: The President of India

• States that there shall be a President of India.

Article 55: Manner of Election of President

• Describes the procedure for the election of the President.

• Note: The election procedure for the Vice-President is mentioned under Article 66.

Article 61: Procedure for Impeachment of the President

• Details the procedure for the impeachment of the President for violation of the Constitution.

Article 63: The Vice-President of India

• States that there shall be a Vice-President of India.

Article 72: Power of President to Grant Pardons, etc.

• Grants the President the power to grant pardons, suspend, remit, or commute sentences, including death sentences.

Article 76: Attorney General for India

• Provides for the Attorney General for India, the chief legal advisor to the Government of India.

Parliament

Article 79: Constitution of Parliament

• Describes the constitution of Parliament, which consists of the President and two Houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha).

• Composition of Parliament:

• Parliament (Article 79)

• Rajya Sabha (Council of States - Article 80)

• Lok Sabha (House of the People - Article 81)

Article 80: Composition of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)

• Describes the composition of the Rajya Sabha.

Article 81: Composition of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)

• Describes the composition of the Lok Sabha.

Article 93: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People

• Provides for the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

Article 123: Power of President to Promulgate Ordinances

• Grants the President the power to promulgate Ordinances when Parliament is not in session.

The Union Judiciary

Article 124: Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court

• Provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court, the highest judicial body.

Part XII: Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits

Article 280: Finance Commission

• Provides for the Finance Commission, constituted every five years to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and states.

Part XIV: Services Under the Union and the States

Article 315: Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States

• Provides for Public Service Commissions (UPSC and SPSC) to conduct examinations for appointments to services of the Union and the States, respectively.

Part XV: Elections

Article 324: Superintendence, Direction, and Control of Elections to be Vested in an Election Commission

• Provides for the Election Commission, responsible for conducting free and fair elections.

Part XX: Amendment of the Constitution

Article 368: Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution and Procedure Therefore

• Grants the Parliament the power to amend the Constitution and outlines the procedure for such amendments.

Part XVIII: Emergency Provisions

Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency

• Allows the President to declare a National Emergency if there is a grave threat to the security of India due to external aggression or armed rebellion.