RRB Group D 06 Aug All Shift Exam Review: Reasoning Questions with Solutions by Prashant Sir

RRB Group D 06 Aug All Shift Exam Review Reasoning by Prashant Sir offers an in-depth analysis of key reasoning concepts frequently tested in the RRB Group D examination. Understanding these principles and their application is vital for candidates aiming to excel. The review covers various problem types, from pattern recognition in numerical and letter series to complex logical deductions in seating arrangements and syllogisms, ensuring a solid grasp of essential problem-solving techniques.

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RRB Group D 06 Aug All Shift Reasoning Questions Analysis By Prashant Sir

Following questions have been asked in the RRB Group D 6 August Exam :

1. Analogy

Numerical Analogy: Identifying a Pattern

Numerical analogy problems require identifying a mathematical relationship between given numbers. A common pattern involves combining operations like multiplication and addition. For instance, if (7, 19) leads to 40 and (12, 11) leads to 47, the hidden rule is to multiply the first number by three and then add the second number.

Pattern: (First Number × 3) + Second Number

Example:

• For (7, 19) -> 40: (7 × 3) + 19 = 21 + 19 = 40.

• For (12, 11) -> 47: (12 × 3) + 11 = 36 + 11 = 47.

• Applying this to an option like (16, 5) -> 53: (16 × 3) + 5 = 48 + 5 = 53, confirming the pattern.

Figure Analogy: Rotational and Positional Changes

Figure analogies involve identifying a transformation rule and applying it to a new set of figures. For figures arranged in a square, a common transformation is interchanging diagonally opposite elements.

Example:

If numbers (W, Y, X, Z) are arranged as:

W Y
X Z

The transformed arrangement would swap W with X, and Y with Z:

X Z
W Y
Agent and Primary Equipment

Analogies establish a relationship between two pairs of words. The relationship must be consistent across both pairs.

Soldier: Battle Tank:: Farmer: ?

A soldier's primary heavy equipment for combat is a battle tank. Similarly, a farmer's primary heavy equipment for agricultural work is a Tractor.

2. Coding-Decoding

 Letter Reversal Pattern

This coding method involves rearranging letters within specific groups of a word. The word is split into groups of three letters, and then the order of letters within each group is reversed.

Application Example:

To code 'INDIRECTS':

1. Divide into groups: IND, IRE, CTS.

2. Reverse each group:

• IND becomes DNI.

• IRE becomes ERI.

• CTS becomes STC.
  Therefore, 'INDIRECTS' is coded as DNIERISTC.

Cross-Coding within Pairs

Another coding technique involves swapping letters within consecutive pairs of the word.

Example:

Given 'SCARCE' is coded as 'CSRAEC'.

1. SC -> CS

2. AR -> RA

3. CE -> EC

To code 'STABLE':

1. Divide into pairs: ST, AB, LE.

2. Swap letters within each pair:

• ST becomes TS.

• AB becomes BA.

• LE becomes EL.
  Therefore, 'STABLE' is coded as TSBAEL.

Constant Subtraction Pattern

Some coding patterns involve applying a uniform numerical operation to the alphabetical position of each letter.

Given: GLEPK is coded as DIBMH.

• G (7) to D (4): -3

• L (12) to I (9): -3

• E (5) to B (2): -3

• P (16) to M (13): -3

• K (11) to H (8): -3
  The pattern is a constant subtraction of 3 from each letter's alphabetical position.

To code 'POTTER':

• P (16) - 3 = M (13)

• O (15) - 3 = L (12)

• T (20) - 3 = Q (17)

• T (20) - 3 = Q (17)

• E (5) - 3 = B (2)

• R (18) - 3 = O (15)
  Thus, 'POTTER' is coded as MLQQBO.

3. Odd One Out

Classification by Dwellings

This problem type requires identifying the item that does not belong to the same category as the others. When considering unscrambled words like DEN, ROOF, NEST, and BURROW:

• DEN, NEST, and BURROW are all types of dwelling places or habitats for animals.

• ROOF is a part of a building but not a complete dwelling itself.
  Hence, Roof is the odd one out.

Number Series - Inconsistent Pattern

In a number series problem, you look for a consistent pattern among most options and identify the one that deviates.

For example, if most series follow a pattern where the first two numbers differ by +3, and the second and third numbers differ by -7 (e.g., X, X+3, (X+3)-7), the odd one out would be a series where this latter difference is not -7 (e.g., -8). The series where the third number is 8 less than the second number (instead of 7 less) is the odd one out.

4. Figure Series: Rotational Movement

In a figure series, objects often follow a consistent pattern of movement and rotation. A typical pattern involves an object rotating in a clockwise direction by a fixed angle, such as 90 degrees, and also changing its position on an imaginary grid. The series often completes a cycle, returning the object to its initial orientation and position.

5. Direction and Seating Arrangement: Relative Positioning

This problem combines linear seating with direction, where individuals are typically facing North. If Rehana is to the left of Arjun, and Arjun is opposite Somil (implying Somil to Arjun's right in a linear North-facing setup), the sequence is R - A - S. If Arjun and Somil swap positions, the new sequence becomes R - S - A. From Arjun's new position (who is still facing North), Rehana is now to his North-West.

6. Blood Relation: Family Tree Analysis

Blood relation problems require constructing a family tree from given statements to determine relationships.

• K is the brother of R.

• P is the sister of K. (P, K, R are siblings)

• S is the daughter of R.

• T is the brother of S. (S and T are R's children)

From these, P is the sister of K and K is the brother of R, making P the sister of R. Since R is the parent of T, P is T's Aunt (either paternal or maternal, depending on R's gender).

7. Logical Consistency: Evaluating a Statement

Logical reasoning problems test the ability to infer conclusions from given statements.

• A is the sister of B.

• B is the daughter of C.
  From these statements, it logically follows that A is also the daughter of C. Both A and B are children of C.
  If a conclusion states, "B is C's enemy," it is definitely incorrect because a parent-child relationship, by logical implication in such problems, does not define enmity unless explicitly stated.

8. Alphabetical Sequence: Counting Letters Between Positions

To count letters between two specific letters in the English alphabet:

1. Identify the letters and their alphabetical positions. For example, 'A' is 1st and 'O' is 15th.

2. Subtract their positions and then subtract 1 (to exclude the end letters).

• Number of letters = (Position of O - Position of A) - 1

• Number of letters = (15 - 1) - 1 = 14 - 1 = 13.
  There are 13 letters between 'A' and 'O'.

9. Letter Series

Consistent Positional Increment

Letter series problems involve identifying a pattern in alphabetical positions. In a series of letter groups (e.g., A-B-C), a pattern might be a consistent +1 increment in alphabetical position for each consecutive letter within the group. For example, if a group is K-L-M, it follows K(+1)L(+1)M. Options are evaluated to find the group that maintains this consistent +1 progression across all its letters.

Consistent Alphabetical Progression

This type of letter series requires identifying the next element by recognizing a fixed increment in alphabetical positions for corresponding letters or numbers.

• First letter: D (4) -> H (8) -> L (12). The pattern is +4. So, L (+4) = 16, which is P.

• Second element (number): A sequence like 4 -> 8 -> 12. The pattern is +4. So, 12 (+4) = 16.

• Third letter: C (3) -> G (7) -> K (11). The pattern is +4. So, K (+4) = 15, which is O.
  Therefore, the next term in the series is P16O.

9. Direction and Distance

Finding Final Direction

To determine the final direction after a series of turns:

1. Start: Sheela faces the sun in the morning, meaning she faces East.

2. Walks East.

3. Turns right: From East, a right turn makes her face South.

4. Turns left: From South, a left turn makes her face East.
   Her final direction is East.

Determining Final Position Relative to Start

This problem involves calculating net displacement using cardinal directions.

Movements:

• 30 km North

• 34 km East (turns right from North)

• 41 km South (turns right from East)

• 47 km West (turns right from South)

• 11 km North (turns right from West)

Net Displacement:

• North-South: (30 km North + 11 km North) - 41 km South = 41 km North - 41 km South = 0 km.

• East-West: 34 km East - 47 km West = 13 km West.
  The final position is 13 km West of the starting point. To return to the start, one must drive 13 km East.

10. Mathematical Operations: Order of Operations (BODMAS/PEMDAS)

Evaluating expressions with symbolic operators requires substituting the symbols with their actual mathematical operations and then applying the correct order of operations (BODMAS/PEMDAS).

Given: Q = +, J = ×, T = -, K = ÷

Expression: 52 K 4 Q 6 J 12 T 8

Substitution: 52 ÷ 4 + 6 × 12 - 8

1. Division: 52 ÷ 4 = 13

• Expression: 13 + 6 × 12 - 8

2. Multiplication: 6 × 12 = 72

• Expression: 13 + 72 - 8

3. Addition: 13 + 72 = 85

• Expression: 85 - 8

4. Subtraction: 85 - 8 = 77
   The value of the expression is 77.

11. Puzzle: Monthly Travel Schedule

This puzzle involves arranging six individuals (P, Q, R, S, T, U) into six months (January, February, March, July, September, December) based on several conditions. Through careful deduction, each person's travel month can be determined. One key determination in this puzzle is that Q travels in July.

12. Syllogism: Evaluating Conclusions

Syllogism problems require evaluating conclusions based on given statements using logical deduction.

Statements:

1. All grasses are shrubs. (All G are S)

2. All roots are fruits. (All R are F)

3. All fruits are flowers. (All F are W)

Derived Relationships:

• From (2) and (3), by transitivity, if All R are F and All F are W, then All roots are flowers (All R are W).

• From (3), if All F are W, it means F is a subset of W. Therefore, Some flowers are fruits (Some W are F).

• There is no direct or indirect connection between 'Grasses' and 'Flowers' or 'Fruits'.

Conclusions to Evaluate:

1. All grasses are flowers. (False)

2. All roots are flowers. (True)

3. Some flowers are fruits. (True)

Therefore, only Conclusion 2 and Conclusion 3 follow.

13. Seating Arrangement: South-Facing Linear Arrangement

Six friends (Richa, Kavya, Swarna, Shobhna, Urmila, Purnima) are seated in a single row, all facing South. When facing South, the typical Left/Right directions reverse relative to an observer facing North. However, often in such problems, "left" and "right" refer to the physical left and right on the drawn diagram.

Following a common interpretation for such problems, the final arrangement from physical left to right is:

Richa - Kavya - Swarna - Shobhna - Urmila - Purnima

If Urmila is in the 5th position from the physical left, the person seated fourth to the left of Urmila (interpreting "left" as physical left on the diagram) would be Richa.

14. Venn Diagram: Identifying Specific Categories

Venn diagrams are used to visually represent relationships between different sets.

Shapes and Categories:

• Square: Students

• Triangle: Urban people

• Circle: Hardworking people

To find the region representing hardworking students who are NOT urban people, we need the area that is:

1. Inside the Circle (hardworking).

2. Inside the Square (students).

3. Outside the Triangle (not urban).
   The region fulfilling these conditions is typically labeled C.