Botanical Name Of Pea

Botanical Name Of Pea

May 26, 2023, 16:45 IST

Botanical name is defined as a scientific naming of plants, algae, and fungi that follows the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). The botanical name of the Pea is Pisum sativum which belongs to the family Fabaceae. The species of peas grow in pods and develop from the ovary of the pea’s flower and contain seeds. Peas are used for culinary purposes.

History

• Peas were formerly produced primarily for their dried seeds.
• Since the Neolithic beginning of agriculture, plants that grew naturally in the Mediterranean Basin have undergone continuous selection, increasing their yield.
• In the 3rd century BC Theophraus tell about the pea legumes crop that is sown late in winter because of their sensitivity.
• In the second half-century of the 2nd millennium BC, the pea legume crops come into the Ganges Basin and southern India.
• Pea is one of the oldest cultivated crops, a wild plant found in the region of the Mediterranean natively and remaining ancient dating to the Neolithic period that is found in the middle east.
• The crop was introduced by European colonization all over the world. In the 1800s, Gregor Mendel used the pea for his pioneering studies of the nature of heredity found in a monastery garden in Austria.
• Garden pea was mentioned by John Gerard and John Parkinson.
• Sugar peas were introduced to France from the market gardens of Holland via the french ambassador.
• Green peas were introduced by Genoa in 1660.
• Top producers of green peas are

1. China with12.2 million tons
2. India with 4.8 million tons
3. France with 0.23 million tons
4. Egypt with 0.15 million tons

Also, check - Ammonification

Classification of Pea

Peas are grown worldwide for their edible seeds. Peas can be conserved canned and frozen too for a long period. Dried peas are used in the making of soups. Varieties of peas like sugar peas and snow peas can produce pods that are eaten raw or cooked. Peas can grow easily and seeds of peas can provide good protein and dietary fiber.

Pea plant length is 6 feet with hollow trailing or tendrils that facilitate climbing stems. The flowers in color red, purple, pink, or white grow two or three per stalk and are butterfly-shaped. The fruit of a pea is a pod (inside of pods have 5-10 seeds) that grows to 4 inches long and splits in half when ripe. The seed of a pea can be green, yellow, white, or variegated.

Also, check - Anemia Symptoms

In the home garden peas seed should be planted in a place that is fertile well-drained soil in a spot that is unshaped. Peas grow in the winter season and early spring in warmer climates and required sun for good growth and development. Common diseases that affect peas are root rot, powdery mildew, etc. The process of canning and freezing varies according to the variety, plant size, shape, and size of the pods. Half-dwarf, training, smooth-seeded and wrinkled-seeded are widely grown varieties of pea.

Popular species of Pea

• Pisum elatius is wild pea
• Pisum syriacum is Syrian pea
• Pisum fulvum is tawny pea

Varieties of Pea

1. Garden Peas-

Varieties of garden pea involves following:

• PMR- Powdery mildew resistance
• Afila or semi-leafless
• Cluster of tendrils instead of leaves

2. Sugar Peas-

Sugar peas are edible peas that lack tough membrane inside the pod wall and have tender edible pods. There are two types of sugar peas as mentioned below:

1. Snow peas - They have flat pods and thin pod walls. Young pods and seeds are eaten.
2. Snap peas- They have rounded pods with thick pod walls and can be eaten before maturity.

Both types belong to the Macrocarpon group and are name sugar peas.

3. Field Peas-

• Sometimes called P. sativum subsp. Arvense (L.) Asch. Also is known as the dun(grey-brown pea), kapuncijiner pea, or Austrian winter pea.
• It is one of the oldest domesticated crops cultivated for at least 7,000 years.
• Now, planted and grown in many countries for consumption and stock feed of humans.
• Blue, dun (brown), maps and white are several cultivators and colors.

Propagation

For the process of propagation following steps is followed:

• Peas should be grown in early spring or late summer.
• Temperature required for the growing of peas is between 15-24°C.
• Required pH is between the range of 5.5 to 7.
• Peas planted in well-draining soil so they don’t tolerate too much moisture.
• Peas need sunlight or partial shade for fast growth.
• Sowing seeds peas directly seeded in the garden in spring with a temperature above 4.4°C and in late summer 8-10 weeks before the first frost date.
• For germination soil's optimum temperature is 10-25°C, lower the temperature and lower the process of germination.
• Planting the seeds 2.5-5.0 cm in and sown 2.5-10.0 cm in and allowing 45cm between rows.
• At soil temperature of 15.5°C seedlings should emerge in 9-13 days.
• General care and maintenance are required for supporting the growth.

Legume and its Nitrogen-fixing ability

Legume is a plant of the Fabaceae family. They grow agriculturally for human consumption, livestock forage, and silage. They are notable and have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their structure which are called root nodules, for that reason they play a key role in crop rotation.

Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process that converts molecular nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3), typically in soil, aquatic systems, and in industry.

Legumes like peas contain symbiotic bacteria called Rhizobia within root nodules of the root systems. The chemical reaction is as given below:

N2+8H++8e-2NH3+H2

The peas root nodules and other legumes are a good source of nitrogen that they can use to make amino acids and plant protein.

All of a pea plant's remaining nitrogen, which is integrated into amino acids inside the remaining plant components, is released back into the soil when a pea plant dies in the field, for example after harvest. The amino acids are converted into nitrate (NO3) that is available to other plants, thereby serving as fertilizer in the future.

Botanical Name Of Pea : FAQs

Q1. What is the botanical name of the plant Pea?

Ans. Botanical name of the pea is Pisum sativum.

Q2. To which family Pea belongs?

Ans. Pea Belongs to the Fabaceae family.

Q3. Name the popular species of Pea

Ans. Pisum elatius, Pisum syriacum, Pisum fulvum.

Q4. What is the use of peas?

Ans. Peas are used for culinary purposes.

Q5. To which class Pea belongs?

Ans. Pea belongs to the Angiosperm class which refers to flower-bearing plants and trees.