CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5:
One of the most significant elements in the universe is water. For their survival, all plants and animals need water. Life on Earth would not exist if there was no water. Potable water is defined as water that is suitable for drinking.
There are several places where we can get water. Go through the CBSE Class 7 Geography notes of Chapter 5 Water to learn more about water, its distribution, ocean circulation, tides, waves, and ocean currents. All of the topics discussed in the chapter are included in these notes in an organised way.
CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 Overview
Start your investigation into the source of life on Earth by reading Chapter 5, "Water Class 7 Notes in Geography." Learn the truth about the importance, distribution, and variety of uses of water. Expertly composed by seasoned educators, these notes provide a thorough comprehension.
Explore the profound influence that water has had on the formation of our world; these notes are a great study aid. For easy offline study, download the free PDF. It's a great resource for CBSE Class 7 pupils getting ready for board exams.
CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 PDF
Here we have provided CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 for the ease of students so that they can just download the pdf and use it easily without the internet. These CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 will help students understand the chapter better.
CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 PDF
CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5
Here we have provided CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 for the ease of students so that they can prepare better for their exams.
Water Cycle: The constant transformation and movement of water between the oceans, atmosphere, and land is referred to as the water cycle.
There is water in the ocean, lakes, rivers, etc.
Water vapour evaporation is caused by the sun's heat.
Water vapour condenses and produces clouds when it cools.
The water cycle is the process by which water continuously changes its form and moves through the atmosphere, oceans, and land.
A terrarium is a man-made container used to hold small indoor plants.
Rivers, ponds, springs, and glaciers are the main sources of fresh water.
Because there are a lot of dissolved salts in the oceans and seas, the water is salty. Sodium chloride, or regular table salt, makes up the majority of the salt.
The rivers, ponds, springs, and glaciers are the main sources of freshwater. There is salty water in the seas and oceans. Sodium chloride, or regular table salt, makes up the majority of the salt.
Distribution of Water Bodies
Water covers three-fourths of the earth's surface. Water is vital to life as we know it. When we are thirsty, water by itself can slake our thirst.
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Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is water and the rest is land.
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There are various reasons behind the fact that several countries are facing a dearth of water despite the existence of more water than land on this earth.
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It is important to note that the three-fourth portion of water on this earth is not available to us.
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The allocation of water is given in the following in percentage form;
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Ocean - 97.3%
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Ice-caps – 02.0%
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Groundwater – 0.68%
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FreshWater Lakes – 0.009%
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Inland seas and salt lakes – 0.009%
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Atmosphere – 0.0019%
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Rivers – 0.0001%
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Based on the distribution above, freshwater is found in rivers, ice caps, groundwater, freshwater lakes, inland seas, and the atmosphere. Only saltwater is found in the oceans. One of the most basic needs for human survival is water. When we are thirsty, only water can satisfy us. One of the biggest crimes we commit in the modern world is wasting such an important resource.
Ocean Circulation
Waves, tides, and currents are the three main categories for the movements that take place in oceans.
Ocean circulation is the phrase used to describe the numerous ways in which water moves within the ocean.
Ocean water is not placid like that of lakes, ponds, or other similar bodies of water. That is constantly in motion. It moves in different directions and according to distinct patterns when subjected to diverse forces. We can classify these motions as tides, currents, and waves.
When water rises and falls on the surface of an ocean, waves are virtually always visible.
There are two tides every day. It is low tide in one, and high tide in the other. Water is drawn away from the beach during the latter, and its volume increases during the former.
The term "current" describes how water moves as a result of outside forces such as wind and its direction of flow, wave breaking, temperature variations, etc.
Waves
Waves are created when water on an ocean's surface alternately rises and lowers. Huge waves are created during a storm by extremely fast winds. These might wreak enormous havoc. Submerged landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes can move substantial volumes of ocean water. Consequently, a massive tidal wave known as a tsunami forms.
The word "wave" describes the constant movement of water rising from the ocean's surface and falling back down again.
When a storm is approaching, winds that are blowing at an exceptionally high pace produce enormous waves. Massive destruction may be caused by those enormous waves.
Underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes can all generate significant displacement of ocean water. These lead to the formation of a massive tidal wave known as a tsunami.
The Japanese term "tsunami" refers to the presence of "harbour waves." Generally speaking, tsunamis destroy the harbours.
Occasionally, during a tsunami, the waves reach a height of nearly 15 metres. To date, the highest known height of a tsunami wave is 150 metres.
At almost 700 km/h, tsunami waves travel at a high speed. The 2004 tsunami caused significant damage to India's coastal regions. A tsunami in India in 2004 caused the Andaman and Nicobar Islands' Indira Point to completely vanish.
Effects of 2004’s Tsunami
The tsunami that struck the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004. Only a small number of the Indian Ocean's islands were completely submerged.
The southernmost point of India, Indira Point, in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, was submerged.
Over 10,000 individuals lost their lives as a result of the waves breaking three km off the coast.
The catastrophic tsunami damaged more than one lakh dwellings.
Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Pondicherry, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were the most severely impacted regions of India.
The 2004 tsunami is regarded as the deadliest in the previous several centuries.
Indications of Tsunami
Insufficient surveillance, preemptive alerts, and adequate communication among Indian Ocean coastal communities contributed to the 2004 tsunami.
The main sign of a tsunami is the rapid evacuation of coastal areas.
It is progressively followed by waves of destruction.
Remarkably, instead of fleeing to higher ground as the tsunami hit, people congregated at the coast to see it happen. When the massive waves struck, there was a noticeable loss of curious onlookers.
Tides
A tide is the twice-daily, regular rise and fall of ocean water. When the water reaches its highest point and covers a large portion of the shore, it is high tide. When a waterfall reaches its lowest point and recedes from the coast, it is considered low tide.
The tides are caused by the sun's and moon's enormous gravitational pull on the surface of the earth. The sun, moon, and earth are all in alignment during the full moon and new moon phases, which also coincide with the highest tides. We refer to these tides as spring tides.
However, low tides occur when the moon is in its first or last quarter because the moon's and the sun's gravitational pull pulls the ocean waters in diagonally opposed directions. We refer to these tides as neap tides.
Neap Tides: During the first and last quarters of the moon, the earth's and the sun's gravitational pull pulls the ocean waters in diagonal directions, causing low tides. We refer to these tides as neap tides.
Spring Tide: The highest tides occur on full moon and new moon days when the sun, moon, and earth are all in alignment. We refer to these tides as spring tides.
Importance of Tides
Navigation is aided by high tides. They elevate the water level near the coast, making it easier for ships to enter the port. Because more fish are closer to the coast during high tides, fishing is also aided by them.
In certain locations, energy is produced by the tides' movement of the water.
Ocean Currents
Water streams moving continuously in specific directions on the ocean's surface are known as ocean currents. There could be cold or warm ocean currents. The warm ocean currents flow towards the poles from their source close to the equator. Water is transported by cold currents from tropical or lower latitudes to polar or higher latitudes.
Warm temperatures are produced across the land surface by warm currents. The world's best fishing grounds are found where the warm and cold currents converge. Examples of this are the seas surrounding Japan and the east coast of North America. Foggy weather occurs where warm and cold currents converge, making navigation challenging.
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