Gravitational Potential Energy Formula - Definition, Newton’s Law

What Is Gravitational Force?

Newton’s Law of Gravitation

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• The gravitational force between two objects is denoted by f .
• G is the gravitational constant (a fundamental constant of nature),
• m 1 and m 2 are the masses of the two objects,
• The separation between the centres of the two objects is known as r.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

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Examples Of Gravitational Potential Energy

1. Lifting an Object: When you lift an object from the ground, you are doing work against gravity, increasing the object's height above the ground, and therefore increasing its gravitational potential energy. For example, if you lift a 10 kg box to a height of 2 meters, the gravitational potential energy gained can be calculated using the formula U = m * g * h.

2. Falling Objects: As objects fall under the influence of gravity, their potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. When an object is at a certain height above the ground, it has gravitational potential energy. As it falls, this potential energy decreases, and kinetic energy increases. At the ground level, all of its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
3. Celestial Bodies: Gravitational potential energy plays a crucial role in understanding the motion of celestial bodies, such as planets, moons, and stars. For example, the gravitational potential energy between the Earth and the Moon affects the Moon's orbit around Earth.
4. Hydroelectric Power: In hydroelectric power generation, water is stored at a certain height in a dam. When the water is released and flows downhill, its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which is then used to generate electricity through turbines.
5. Satellites and Spacecraft: In space, satellites and spacecraft have gravitational potential energy with respect to the celestial body they are orbiting. This potential energy is crucial for maintaining their orbits and performing maneuvers.
6. Rock Climbing: Rock climbers use gravitational potential energy when they ascend a cliff or mountain. They store potential energy as they climb, which can be released when they descend or rappel.
7. Bungee Jumping: When a person jumps off a bridge or platform with a bungee cord, they experience a change in gravitational potential energy as they fall. The bungee cord stretches, converting potential energy into kinetic energy, which slows them down before they rebound upward.
8. Roller Coasters: Roller coasters are designed to exploit changes in gravitational potential energy. As the coaster climbs to the top of a hill, it gains potential energy, and as it descends, this energy is converted into kinetic energy, creating thrilling rides.