NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4:
Chapter 4 of Class 8 Social Science Geography, titled "Industries," discusses how raw materials are used to make products. It covers different types of industries such as farming, manufacturing, and services.
The chapter explains why industries are located where they are, considering factors like where materials come from and where people live. It also shows how industries help countries grow economically and create jobs in cities. The solutions provide clear explanations and examples from around the world to help students understand these concepts better.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Overview
The NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4, "Industries," are prepared by subject experts of Physics Wallah.
They explain how industries process raw materials into finished products and discuss factors influencing industrial locations, such as resources, labor, and markets. The solutions also highlight the impact of industrialization on economic development and urbanization.
By using these solutions, students can gain a better understanding of industrial practices and their roles in shaping societies and environments.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 PDF
The NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4, "Industries," can be accessed through the PDF link provided below. These solutions, prepared to help students understand the concepts of different industries and their impact on economies, cover topics such as types of industries, factors influencing industrial locations, and the process of industrialization.
They provide clear explanations and examples to aid in comprehension and are valuable resources for exam preparation.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 PDF
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries
1. Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Answer:
Industry refers to economic activities focused on producing goods or providing services. Examples include the iron and steel industry, which manufactures metal products; the coal mining industry, which extracts minerals for energy production; and the tourism industry, which offers services related to travel and leisure. These sectors play vital roles in economies by generating employment, producing essential goods, and delivering services that meet societal needs and drive economic growth. Each industry contributes uniquely to the overall economic landscape, reflecting diverse sectors of production and service provision.
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Answer:
Setting up an industry can stimulate the development and expansion of the surrounding area. Several factors influence the location of industries, including the accessibility of raw materials and land, sufficient water supply, available labor force, access to power and transportation networks, proximity to markets, and adequate capital investment opportunities.
Governments often provide incentives such as subsidized electricity, reduced transportation costs, and improved infrastructure to encourage industrial establishment in economically disadvantaged regions. This strategic approach aims to promote economic growth, create job opportunities, and foster balanced regional development by leveraging industrial activities to uplift less developed areas.
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?
Answer:
Steel is referred to as the backbone of modern industry because it plays a fundamental role in manufacturing and construction. Virtually everything we use, from buildings and bridges to vehicles and appliances, either consists of steel or involves machinery and tools made from steel. The steel industry serves as a vital feeder industry, providing raw materials like steel beams, sheets, and rods that serve as essential inputs for numerous other industries. Its versatility and durability make steel indispensable in various sectors, driving economic activities and infrastructure development globally.
(iv) Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
Answer:
The rapid expansion of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai was facilitated by several favorable factors. The warm and moist climate provided suitable conditions for textile production, helping to maintain optimal humidity levels beneficial for manufacturing processes. Proximity to the port enabled efficient transportation of raw materials like cotton and finished products to domestic and international markets, facilitating trade and growth.
Mumbai's access to abundant raw materials and a skilled labor force further supported the industry's expansion by ensuring continuous production and quality craftsmanship. These combined advantages positioned Mumbai as a leading center for the cotton textile industry during its rapid growth phase.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Fort Gloster is located in
(a) West Bengal
(b) California
(c) Gujarat
Answer: (a) West Bengal
(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?
(a) nylon
(b) jute
(c) acrylic
Answer:
(b) Jute
3. Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
Answer:
Agro-based industries utilize plant and animal-based products as their primary raw materials. These industries play a crucial role in providing employment opportunities, particularly in rural areas. Examples include food processing, vegetable oil extraction, cotton textile manufacturing, dairy product processing, and leather production.
On the other hand, mineral-based industries rely on mineral ores as their raw materials. These industries contribute to employment in both rural and urban areas. Examples include steel and iron production, heavy machinery manufacturing, and mineral processing industries.
Both agro-based and mineral-based industries are essential for economic development, employment generation, and utilizing natural resources to meet various societal needs.
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Answer:
Industries that are owned and operated by the government are known as public sector industries. Examples of public sector industries in India include Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). These industries are directly managed and controlled by the government for strategic and economic reasons.
In contrast, joint sector industries are owned and operated by both the state and private individuals or groups. Maruti Udyog Limited (now Maruti Suzuki India Limited) is a prominent example of a joint sector industry in India. In such industries, the government and private entities collaborate to manage operations, share ownership, and contribute to the industrial development of the country.
Both public sector and joint sector industries contribute significantly to the economy by generating employment, fostering industrial growth, and enhancing infrastructure development in various sectors.
4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided :
(i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________
Answer:
Iron ore and Cotton
(ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________
Answer:
Steel and Cloth
(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________
Answer: Transport and banking
(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________
Answer: Dairy and Sugar
(v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________
Answer: pottery and basket weaving
(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________
Answer: Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)
Chapter 5 – Industries Summary
Chapter 5 of the Class 8 Social Science Geography textbook focuses on industries, which encompass economic activities involved in producing goods, extracting minerals, or providing services. Industries are categorized into three sectors: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary sectors, each playing a distinct role in economic development.
Industries are further classified based on their raw materials, size, and ownership. Raw materials categorize industries into agro-based (using agricultural products), mineral-based (utilizing mineral resources), and forest-based (derived from forest products). Size classification divides industries into small-scale (less capital-intensive, like cottage industries) and large-scale (capital-intensive, producing significant volumes of goods).
Ownership distinguishes industries into private sector (owned and operated by individuals or groups, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. and Indian Oil Corporation) and public sector (owned and managed by the government, like Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited).
Post-independence, India prioritized industrial development, emphasizing growth across sectors to boost economic progress and employment opportunities.
Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4
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Clear Understanding
: They explain different types of industries like primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in an easy-to-understand way, helping students learn about how industries work.
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Helpful for Exams
: The solutions include practice questions and answers that match what students study in school. This makes it easier for them to prepare for tests and understand the material better.
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Real-life Examples
: They use examples from real industries to show how things work in the real world. This helps students see how industries affect their lives and the economy.
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Improves Knowledge
: By using these solutions, students can learn more about how industries develop, why they are important, and how they impact the environment and society.
