UP Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025, Download PDF

UP Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025 helps students know about the important topics and chapters that they need to learn for the board exams. The syllabus provides chapters, marks, and practical work. The syllabus guides students step by step. Some of the chapters mentioned are easy and short, whereas others require detailed study. Students following the UP Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025 from the beginning can prepare better for their exams.

UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 Overview

UP Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025 is prescribed by the Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UPMSP). It follows the pattern of NCERT books. The contains five major units related to humans, plants, animals, evolution, environment, biotechnology, and health. A detailed overview of the UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus is provided in the table below:

Class 12 Biology syllabus 2025-26 UP Board Unit Wise Marks Distribution

UP Board Biology Syllabus for Class 12 consists of 5 main units which are allotted different weightage of marks. Students should understand the weightage to plan their preparation strategy. Units with higher marks require more time and practice. The Unit-wise marks distribution is as follows: 

UP Board Syllabus Biology 2026 Class 12 PDF Download

Several students look for the UP Board Syllabus Biology 2026 Class 12 PDF Download so they can save the. The syllabus PDF is usually uploaded on the official UP Board website. Candidates can also download the syllabus from the link provided below:

Detailed Unit-Wise Syllabus for UP Board Class 12th Biology

Candidates can check below for all the details related to the UP Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025:

Unit 1: Reproduction (14 Marks)

This is the first unit in the UP Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025. It has three chapters: 

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Structure of flower

• Male and female reproductive parts

• Pollination and its agents

• Double fertilisation

• Apomixis

• Seed formation and dispersal

Human Reproduction

• Structure of testis and ovary

• Spermatogenesis and oogenesis

• Menstrual cycle phases

• Fertilisation

• Development of embryo

• Pregnancy, parturition, and lactation

Reproductive Health

• Importance of reproductive health

• Sexually transmitted diseases

• Birth control methods

• Medical termination of pregnancy

• Amniocentesis

• Assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, GIFT, ZIFT)

Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution (18 Marks)

This is the highest-scoring unit in the UP board class 12 Biology syllabus 2025-26. It provides details on how traits are passed from parents to children. It also explains how humans and other species have evolved.

Mendelian Principles of Inheritance

• Mendel’s laws

• Dominance, recessiveness

• Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses

• Incomplete dominance

• Codominance

• Sex determination

• Chromosomal disorders

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

• DNA structure

• DNA packaging

• Transcription and translation

• Gene expression

• DNA fingerprinting

Evolution

• Origin of life

• Darwin’s theory

• Evidence of evolution

• Gene flow, genetic drift

• Hardy-Weinberg principle

• Human evolution

Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare (14 Marks)

This unit explains how biology helps in health and society. It also teaches how microorganisms help humans.

Human Health and Diseases

• Pathogens

• Diseases like malaria, dengue, typhoid

• Immunity

• Vaccines

• Drug addiction and alcoholism

Microbes in Human Welfare

• Microbes in food production

• Industrial use (fermented products)

• Sewage treatment

• Biogas production

• Biocontrol agents

• Biofertilizers

Unit 4: Biotechnology and Its Applications (10 Marks)

This unit introduces modern science and technology. Students learn how science improves life through genetics and biotechnology.

Principles and Processes of Biotechnology

• Genetic engineering

• Recombinant DNA technology

• Restriction enzymes

Biotechnology Applications

• Bt crops

• Transgenic animals

• Insulin production

• Gene therapy

• Vaccines

• Biosafety and biopiracy

Unit 5: Ecology and Environment (14 Marks)

This unit explains the students regarding our nature and its surroundings. It also teaches how to protect the environment.

Organisms and Populations

• Habitat

• Niche

• Population interactions (mutualism, predation, competition)

• Growth models

Ecosystem

• Energy flow

• Ecological pyramids

• Decomposition

• Productivity

Biodiversity and Conservation

• Biodiversity concepts

• Hotspots

• Endangered species

• National parks

• Wildlife sanctuaries

• Biosphere reserves

UP Board Class 12th Biology Practical Syllabus 2025

The practical exam for students under the UP Board Class 12th Biology Practical Syllabus 2025 carries a total of 30 Marks. It includes the following:

External Evaluation (15 marks)

• Slide preparation: 5 marks

• Spotting: 6 marks

• Record + Viva: 4 marks

Internal Evaluation (15 marks)

• Major experiment: 5 marks

• Minor experiment: 4 marks

• Project + Viva: 6 marks

How to Prepare for UP Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025?

Biology is an important subject for UP Board Class 12 students. In order to score well, candidates will need to prepare effectively. Some of the effective UP Board Class 12th Biology preparation tips are as follows:

• Read NCERT Biology textbooks carefully.

• Focus more on Units 1, 2, and 5 due to high marks.

• Practice diagrams like DNA, reproductive system, ecosystem, and microbes.

• Solve previous year question papers.

• Attempt timed mock tests.

• Prepare handwritten notes.

• Revise all experiments before practical exams.