Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Syllabus 2026-27, Subject Wise Details

Maharashtra Board 12th Biology syllabus 2026–27 plays a crucial role for students studying in the HSC Science stream. Biology is not only important for scoring well in the board examination but also forms the foundation for competitive exams like NEET, CUET, and other medical and life-science entrance tests.

A clear understanding of the 12 biology state board syllabus, chapter distribution, and expected focus areas helps students plan their preparation strategically. Knowing the weightage of Biology class 12 HSC 2026 allows students to prioritize topics and manage time effectively throughout the academic year.

Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Syllabus Overview (2026–27)

The 12th Biology syllabus Maharashtra Board 2026 is designed to build conceptual clarity in both plant and human biology, genetics, biotechnology, ecology, and physiology. The syllabus balances theoretical understanding with practical application, making it essential for both exams and higher studies.

Students preparing for HSC exams should study the syllabus thoroughly, as questions are strictly framed from prescribed textbooks.

Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Syllabus: Unit-Wise List

Below is the official unit-wise outline of the Maharashtra Board 12th Biology syllabus 2026–27:

 Subject-Wise Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Syllabus

This section explains the major concepts covered in each chapter of the 12th biology syllabus Maharashtra Board 2026.

Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Chapters

The Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Syllabus includes the following chapters and their main concepts:

• Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants: Covers various modes of plant reproduction, including vegetative, sexual, and pre/post-fertilization events.

• Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals: Details reproductive systems in animals, gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryonic development.

• Inheritance and Variation: Explores Mendelian genetics, deviations, chromosomal theory, linkage, crossing over, and human genetic disorders.

• Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Focuses on DNA structure, replication, protein synthesis, gene expression, and DNA fingerprinting.

• Origin and Evolution of Life: Discusses theories of life's origin, chemical evolution, Darwinism, human evolution, and evidence for evolution.

• Plant Water Relation: Explains water properties, absorption, conduction, water potential, transpiration, and stomatal functions.

• Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition: Covers plant growth phases, hormones, photoperiodism, vernalization, and essential mineral requirements.

• Respiration and Circulation: Details human respiratory and circulatory systems, blood composition, heart function, and related disorders.

• Control and Co-ordination: Explores nervous systems in different organisms, neural tissue, human nervous system, and chemical coordination via hormones.

• Human Health and Diseases: Covers immune system, vaccination, antibodies, common diseases, cancer, and drug abuse.

• Excretion and Osmoregulation: Discusses modes of excretion, human excretory system, kidney function regulation, and common urinary disorders.

• Enhancement of Food Production: Focuses on plant breeding, tissue culture, animal husbandry, and microbes' role in human welfare.

• Human Reproduction: Specific coverage of human reproductive anatomy, reproductive health, and developmental biology.

• Biotechnology: Introduces principles, tools, and applications of biotechnology in crops, animals, and medicine, including bioethics.

• Organisms and Populations: Explains concepts of habitat, niche, ecosystem, population dynamics, and interactions between organisms.

• Ecosystems and Energy Flow: Covers ecosystem structure, function, energy flow, ecological pyramids, and biogeochemical cycles.

• Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues: Discusses biodiversity levels, loss, conservation efforts, and major environmental problems like pollution.

Weightage of Biology Class 12 HSC 2026

Students often search for the 12th biology chapter weightage Maharashtra board to plan their studies. While the Maharashtra Board does not officially release chapter-wise weightage, the exam pattern is clear:

• Theory Exam: 70 Marks

• Practical Exam: 30 Marks

Questions are usually balanced across major units like Genetics, Human Physiology, Ecology, and Biotechnology. Regular revision of all chapters is strongly recommended.

How to Prepare Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Syllabus?

Preparing for the Maharashtra Board 12th Biology Syllabus requires a focused approach. Here are some key tips:

• Understand Concepts: Grasp the core ideas instead of rote memorization.

• Practice Diagrams: Regularly draw and label biological diagrams accurately.

• Consistent Revision: Review topics frequently to strengthen memory retention.

• Solve Past Papers: Work through previous years' question papers to understand the exam pattern.

• Use Study Resources: Refer to textbooks, reference books, and online tutorials.