Guillain Barre Syndrome, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Guillain Barre Syndrome recently gained attention due to over 110 cases reported in Maharashtra including one death. Learn more about Guillain-Barré Syndrome here.
Deeksha Dixit29 Jan, 2025
Guillain Barre Syndrome : Recently, the Centre has sent a seven-member team of experts to Maharashtra to support the state in monitoring and managing the growing number of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) cases.
Guillain Barre Syndrome is an immunological nerve disorder that has raised alarms among health officials. Keep reading for more information on Guillain Barre Syndrome.What is Guillain Barre Syndrome?
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS ), also known as Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), is a rare condition where the body’s immune system attacks the nerves , leading to weakness, numbness, or even paralysis. Guillain Barre Syndrome often starts with tingling or weakness in the hands and feet, which can quickly spread. GBS can be triggered by infections, including respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, and even COVID-19 or the Zika virus. While there's no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms and speed recovery. Most people recover fully, but some may experience lasting effects like fatigue or weakness.Why is Guillain Barre Syndrome in the News?
Guillain Barre Syndrome has been in the news due to the outbreak in Pune , Maharashtra. So far there have been reports of over 110 cases with one case of death. With growing concerns, both central and state health authorities are taking steps to address the situation. Actions include investigating the cause and providing necessary resources for treatment and care to those affected. For instance, GBS treatment has been included in Maharashtra’s Mahatma Phule Health Scheme , allowing patients to access treatment up to Rs 2 lakh. The Centre has sent a team of seven experts to support authorities.Guillain Barre Syndrome Causes
The exact cause of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is not clear, but it is often noticed to be triggered by infections. Common causes surrounding Guillain Barre Syndrome include:- Infections: About two-thirds of GBS cases are preceded by diarrhea or a respiratory infection, with Campylobacter jejuni being a common trigger.
- Viral Illnesses: Viruses like cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Zika virus , and the flu have also been linked to GBS.
- Vaccinations : In very rare cases, GBS has been associated with certain vaccines.
Guillain Barre Syndrome Symptoms
Guillain Barre Syndrome symptoms can develop quickly and vary in severity . Common symptoms include:- Muscle weakness and tingling, starting in the feet and legs.
- Difficulty walking and climbing stairs.
- Muscular pain in the back and legs.
- Paralysis of the legs, arms, or face in severe cases.
- Chest muscle weakness, affecting breathing (1 in 3 cases).
- Trouble speaking , swallowing, and moving eyes.
Guillain Barre Syndrome Treatment
Similar to causes, there is no known cure for Guillain Barre Syndrome, but treatments can help reduce severity and speed up recovery. The main treatment options include:- Hospitalization: Most patients need hospital care for close monitoring and support.
- Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) : A machine separates and treats the plasma, removing harmful antibodies attacking your nerves before returning the treated blood to your body.
- Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG): This involves IV injections of immunoglobulins, proteins that help reduce the immune system's attack on your nerves.
- Supportive care: Physical therapy is used to aid recovery and manage any lingering symptoms.
Guillain Barre Syndrome FAQs
How does Guillain-Barré Syndrome spread?
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is not contagious. It often follows infections, especially gastrointestinal or respiratory illnesses.
What is the common cause of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
The most common cause of GBS is an infection with Campylobacter jejuni. It can also be triggered by various viral infections, such as influenza and COVID-19.
Is Guillain-Barré Syndrome curable?
GBS is not curable, but most patients recover with proper treatment, although some may experience long-term effects.
What is the best treatment for GBS?
The best treatments for GBS are intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis (plasma exchange), which help reduce the immune system’s attack on the nerves.
Why does GBS happen?
GBS occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, often triggered by infections or other medical events, though the exact cause remains unclear.
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