Facts About Mitochondria

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Facts About Human Body

Introduction

Facts About Genes

Facts About Mitochondria

1. The production of ATP molecules, the cell's primary energy source, is carried out by mitochondria, referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
2. Mitochondria are double-membrane, rod-shaped cell organelles with a unique structure and perform various specialised tasks. Both plant and animal cells have these organelles, which generate energy for cellular processes.
3. With ribosomes, mitochondria can also produce their proteins.
4. Different numbers of mitochondria are present depending on the cell's energy needs. The number of mitochondria is particularly high in cells whose metabolism uses more energy.
5. Only muscle cells have a large number of mitochondria. This is primarily due to the muscles' increased energy needs for movement and other muscular functions. The mitochondria provide the necessary energy.
6. Apoptosis, another name for programmed cell death, typically starts in the mitochondria. Apoptosis, managing the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and detoxifying ammonia in the liver cells are further specialised functions.
7. Any deviation from normal mitochondrial function may directly impact human health. Different people experience mitochondrial diseases in different ways. Examples of mitochondrial illnesses include Alpers disease and Barth syndrome.
8. Some bacteria and mitochondria have many similarities. Because these cell organelles contain a double-layered membrane made of lipids, precisely like the membrane of prokaryotes, and because they contain their DNA, which is contained in the matrix.
9. Each cell has a unique number of mitochondria. The only cells in the human body without mitochondria are red blood cells. Numerous mitochondria can be found in other cells, such as liver and muscle cells.
10. The functions of mitochondria influence their size and form. Mitochondria swiftly adapt their forms to the energy demands of the cells. The mitochondria divide and enlarge as the cell requires more energy to function.

Environmental Issues and Solutions

Structure of Mitochondria

• Outer Membrane: The inner organelles are kept whole and positioned by the outer membrane. Protein and phospholipid bilayers make up its structure. The enzymes engaged in numerous actions are found in the outer membrane. Ions, ATP, ADP, and other molecules can easily move through this membrane since this layer is also permeable to macromolecules.
• Inner Membrane: Proteins with various roles make up the inner membrane of the mitochondria. It also possesses the requisite enzymes that catalyse the processes required to create ATP. Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen can pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The primary location for ATP production is the inner mitochondrial membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane features numerous folds termed Cristae to expand the surface area.
• Inter Membrane Space: The intermembrane space is between the outer and inner membranes. Since these molecules can pass through the outer membrane enclosing it, this area also contains tiny molecules like ions and carbohydrates.
• Cristae : The mitochondria's inner membrane is folded several times. Cristae are the name for these folds. The cristae enhance the surface area inside the mitochondrial membrane for effective ATP molecule synthesis. The more surface area there is, the more room there is for cellular activities. Exosomes are adhered to the cristae's surface, aiding in the osmosis of ions.
• Matrix : The area in the inner membrane of the matrix that is not a crista. Proteins, ribosomes, enzymes, tRNA, and genomic DNA are all in this fluid. The Mitochondrial Matrix can create RNA and proteins because genetic material is present. Without the matrix enzymes that support the most crucial chemical cycles, ATP production would be insufficient.

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