Types of Transformer, Definition, EMF Equation

Types Of Transformer: A transformer is a simple but vital electrical device that moves electricity from one circuit to another using electromagnetic induction. Its main job is to either raise the voltage (step up) or lower it (step down) between circuits.

Suggested - Testing of Transformer

Suggested - Transformer - Electrical Machines Transformers (Formula Notes)

What is Transformer?

Types of Transformers

• Working voltage range: Transformers are designed to handle different voltage levels, and they can be classified based on the range of voltages they can work with.
• Core material: The core of a transformer can be made from different materials, and this factor helps categorize transformers into various types.
• Winding arrangement: The arrangement of the coils (windings) in a transformer affects its performance, and transformers can be grouped based on this aspect.
• Installation location: Transformers can be installed at various points in an electrical system, and their types may differ depending on where they are placed.

Transformer Types based on Voltage Level

1. Step-up Transformer
2. Step-down Transformer

• Step-up Transformers

Step-up Transformer: This type of transformer increases the voltage output compared to the input voltage. It has more turns in the secondary winding than in the primary winding. Step-up transformers are commonly used in power transmission to step up the voltage for efficient long-distance electricity distribution.

• Step-down Transformer

Step-down Transformer: On the other hand, a step-down transformer reduces the voltage output compared to the input voltage. It has fewer turns in the secondary winding than in the primary winding. Step-down transformers are widely used in electrical devices like household appliances, where the voltage needs to be reduced to a safer and more usable level.

Transformer Types Based on Core material

1. Air Core Transformer
2. Iron Core Transformer

• Air Core Transformer: In this type, the primary and secondary windings are linked through the surrounding air. The coils are wound around a non-magnetic material, and there's no iron core involved.
• Iron Core Transformer: Here, the windings are wound around multiple iron plates stacked together. This arrangement creates an efficient pathway for the magnetic flux to flow and generate the required transformation of energy.

Transformer Types Based on Winding Arrangement

1. Autotransformer

Autotransformer: An autotransformer is a unique type of transformer that has only one winding wrapped around a laminated core. The special feature of an autotransformer is that the primary and secondary circuits share the same coil.

Transformer Types Based on Install Location

1. Power Transformer
2. Distribution Transformer
3. Measurement Transformers
4. Protection Transformers

• Power Transformer: These transformers are utilized in power generation stations because they can handle high voltage applications.
• Distribution Transformer: Mostly found in distribution lines for domestic purposes, these transformers are designed to carry low voltages. They are easy to install and have low magnetic losses.
• Measurement Transformers: Mainly used for measuring voltage, current, and power in electrical systems.
• Protection Transformers: These transformers serve the purpose of protecting components in circuits. They safeguard certain components from voltage fluctuations and other potential hazards.

EMF Equation of Transformer

Voltage Transformation Ratio

Voltage Transformation Ratio = N1 / N2

K is called the voltage transformation ratio, which is a constant.

Case 1: If N2 > N1, K>1, it is called a step-up transformer.

Case 2: If N2< N1, K<1, it is called a step-down transformer.

Application of Transformer

• Power Transmission and Distribution: Transformers are essential components in power grids that transmit electricity over long distances. They step up the voltage at power generation stations for efficient transmission and step it down at substations for safe distribution to homes and businesses.
• Electrical Appliances: Transformers are used in various household appliances like chargers, power adapters, and voltage regulators. They help adapt the voltage levels to suit the requirements of these devices.
• Industrial Applications: Transformers are employed in industries to supply electricity at suitable voltages for heavy machinery and equipment. They ensure a stable power supply and protect sensitive equipment from voltage fluctuations.
• Power Generation: In power plants, transformers are used to step up the generated voltage to the appropriate level for transmission and distribution.
• Renewable Energy: Transformers play a crucial role in renewable energy systems such as solar and wind farms. They help convert the generated electricity to the required voltage for grid integration.
• Railways: Transformers are used in electric trains and trams to step down high-voltage power from overhead lines to suitable levels for train operation.
• Audio Systems: Audio transformers are used in audio equipment to match impedances and provide isolation between different circuits, enhancing audio signal quality.
• Instrumentation: Transformers are utilized in instrumentation circuits for signal conditioning and isolation, providing accurate measurements and protection.
• Lighting Systems: Transformers are used in lighting applications, such as halogen and LED lighting, to adjust voltage levels for proper illumination.
• Electronics: Transformers are essential in power supplies, converting AC to DC voltages for electronic devices like computers, televisions, and smartphones.