NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 PDF Download

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications are highly beneficial for students as they provide clear and concise explanations of complex biotechnological concepts. These solutions help students understand the applications of biotechnology in medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Overview

Key topics covered in this chapter include:

Recombinant DNA Technology : The process of cutting, modifying, and recombining DNA to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or recombinant organisms that can produce desired proteins or traits.

Applications of Biotechnology :

• In Medicine : Biotechnology has led to the development of gene therapy, the production of recombinant drugs such as insulin, vaccines, and hormones like growth hormone.
• In Agriculture : Genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed to enhance yield, nutritional value, and resistance to pests and diseases.
• In Environmental Biotechnology : Biotechnology is used in bioremediation, which involves using microorganisms to clean up pollutants from the environment, and in waste management.

Biotechnology in Industry : The use of microorganisms in industrial processes such as fermentation to produce products like alcohol, antibiotics, and enzymes.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 PDF

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Application

1. Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because –

(a) bacteria are resistant to the toxin.

(b) the toxin is immature.

(c) the toxin is inactive.

(d) bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac.

Solution:

2. What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.

Solution:

3. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the production of genetically modified crops.

Solution:

Advantages:

• GM crops can be made resistant to pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
• They can tolerate harsh conditions like drought and salinity.
• GM crops can be designed to have enhanced nutritional value, like golden rice, which is rich in Vitamin A.
• Increased productivity can help prevent soil depletion.

Disadvantages:

• There is a risk of unintended consequences, such as the creation of superweeds.
• GM crops may pose health risks, including allergenicity and antibiotic resistance.
• They can negatively impact biodiversity and disrupt ecosystems.

4. What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produces it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?

Solution:

5. What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Solution:

6. Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing a human gene (say, the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli.

Solution:

7. Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and the chemistry of oil?

Solution:

8. Find out on the internet what is golden rice.

Solution:

9. Does our blood have proteases and nucleases?

Solution:

10. Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?

Solution:

Gene Isolation and Cultivation:

• The genes encoding the antigen or therapeutic protein are often isolated from bacteria or other sources and inserted into plants (e.g., transgenic potatoes). The plants then produce the desired proteins.

Encapsulation of Proteins:

• To protect proteins from degradation in the digestive system, they are encapsulated in protective formulations like tablets or liposomes. These carriers shield the protein from the acidic environment of the stomach and the digestive enzymes (proteases).

Targeting the Intestines:

• The protective coating on the tablet or capsule is designed to withstand stomach acid and only dissolve in the intestines, where the proteins can be absorbed by the villi (tiny projections in the intestinal lining). This ensures the proteins reach the bloodstream without being degraded.

Major Problems Encountered:

• Degradation by Digestive Enzymes: The main problem in the oral administration of protein pharmaceuticals is the risk of proteases in the stomach and intestines breaking down the proteins before they can be absorbed. This is why the proteins need to be carefully protected using coatings or formulations that resist stomach acid but dissolve in the intestines.

Benefits of Solving NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10

• Clear Understanding of Concepts : This chapter covers essential topics like genetic modification, biotechnology, and its applications. Solving the NCERT solutions helps students understand complex concepts in a simplified manner.
• Improved Exam Preparation : Regular practice of the exercises and solutions helps students become familiar with the types of questions asked in the exam, boosting their confidence and exam readiness.
• Application-Based Learning : The chapter emphasizes real-world applications like genetic engineering, genetically modified crops, and gene therapy. Solving the questions helps students relate theoretical knowledge to practical applications.
• Strengthens Problem-Solving Skills : By working through the solutions, students learn to approach problems systematically and develop critical thinking skills.
• Foundation for Higher Studies : Biotechnology is a fundamental topic in various fields like genetics, microbiology, and medicine. Mastering this chapter lays a strong foundation for students pursuing further studies in biology or related fields.
• Clarifies Doubts : The solutions provide clear, step-by-step explanations that help resolve doubts, enabling students to build a solid conceptual foundation.
• Better Time Management : Solving these problems helps students practice time management skills, as they learn how to solve questions efficiently within the exam time limit.