Anatomy Orbit, Structure, Extraocular muscles
Orbits are symmetrically placed bony structures of the skull that houses eyeball, extraocular muscles, nerves, blood vessels, lacrimal apparatus and adipose tissue. Each orbit is separated by nasal cavity
Nivedita Dar24 May, 2024
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Orbits are symmetrically placed bony structures of the skull that houses eyeball, extrocular muscles, nerves, blood vessels, lacrimal apparatus and adipose tissue. Each orbit is separated by nasal cavity
Structure
Seven facial bone form each orbit namely frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, zygomatic, palatine, ethmoid and lacrimal. The roof is formed by a lesser wing of sphenoid and frontal bone. Lateral wall comprises the greater wing of sphenoid and the zygomatic bone. Medial wall comprises the lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary and lesser wing of the sphenoid. Finally the floor comprises maxillary, palatine and zygomatic bone. You can see it’s a rectangular box with walls protecting the eyeball from blunt trauma, an anchoring point to extraocular muscles, ligaments attachment and a thoroughfare for neurovasculature.Extraocular muscles
These are the muscles outside the eyeball which helps in its movement. The levator palpebrae superioris muscles elevates the upper eyelid. Other muscles are rectus group and oblique group of muscles. These muscles have a very characteristic nerve supply which help in diagnosis of cranial nerve neuropathies and intracranial lesions.Orbit FAQs
What is the function and location of lacrimal glands?
The lacrimal gland, a secretory gland comprising acini and ducts, produces tears and maintains the microenvironment of the eye.The location of the main lacrimal gland is near the lateral aspect of the anterior orbital roof.
What structures pass from supra orbital fissure?
The superior orbital fissure allows for the passage of CN III (oculomotor nerve), CN IV (trochlear nerve) and CN VI (abducens nerve) and first division of CN V (ophthalmic branch)
What cranial nerve palsy is present in patient with "down and out" gaze ?
Patient may have cranial nerve 3 oculomotor nerve palsy.
What cranial nerve palsy is present in patient unable to abduct their eye?
Patient may have cranial nerve 4 abducent nerve palsy.
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