Unit 5 Human Physiology Syllabus for NEET 2026

Human Physiology studies how different organ systems in the human body function and coordinate to maintain life processes. It explains important systems such as respiration, circulation, excretion, movement, nervous coordination, and endocrine regulation, along with the mechanisms involved in their functioning.

This unit focuses on structures, physiological processes, regulation, hormones, and related disorders as described in NCERT. You should focus on organ systems, functional mechanisms, hormonal regulation, and process-based concepts for better clarity in human body functions.

Breathing and Respiration

Respiration in humans involves breathing, gas exchange, and transport of gases. Air enters through the respiratory tract, and exchange occurs in the alveoli.

Breathing is regulated by the brain, while oxygen is transported mainly by haemoglobin. Respiratory volumes describe lung capacity.

Disorders like asthma and emphysema affect normal breathing efficiency.

Body Fluids and Circulation

Blood consists of plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. It transports gases, nutrients, and wastes in the body.

The human heart shows double circulation, separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. ECG represents the electrical activity of the heart.

Disorders include hypertension, heart failure, angina, and coronary artery disease.

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Excretion removes nitrogenous wastes from the body. Humans are ureotelic and excrete urea through the kidneys.

The nephron forms urine through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Hormones regulate water balance and kidney function.

Disorders include kidney stones, renal failure, nephritis, and uremia. Dialysis is used when the kidneys fail.

Locomotion and Movement

Movement occurs through muscles and the skeleton. Muscles contract using actin and myosin proteins through the sliding filament mechanism.

The skeletal system provides support and protection, and joints allow movement. Disorders include arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophy, and gout.

Neural Control and Coordination

The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities through electrical impulses.

It includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. Neurons transmit signals through nerve impulses and synapses.

Chemical Coordination and Regulation

The Endocrine system regulates body functions using hormones secreted by glands. Hormones act as chemical messengers controlling growth, metabolism, and homeostasis. Disorders occur due to hormone imbalance, such as diabetes, goitre, dwarfism, and acromegaly.

How to Prepare Human Physiology for NEET 2026?

This unit should be studied system-wise with focus on NCERT diagrams, mechanisms, and the flow of physiological processes.

• Read NCERT carefully

Focus on all systems, processes, and diagrams without skipping steps or labels.

• Practice Human Physiology PYQs regularly

NEET PYQs help understand system-based and application-oriented questions.

• Solve MCQs chapter-wise

PW MCQs improve clarity in respiration, circulation, excretion, and endocrine functions.

• Use mind maps for revision

PW Mind maps help connect all organ systems and their functions for quick revision.

• Revise diagrams and flowcharts

Focus on the heart, nephron, neuron, lungs, and endocrine glands for visual understanding.