Mesosome, Definition, Structure, Function and MCQs

Mesosomes are unique structures found in prokaryotic cells , specifically within bacteria . These organelles play an important role in various cellular processes. Understanding mesosomes helps us grasp how bacteria function and thrive in their environments. This is an important topic for the NEET exam and a significant concept within the NEET biology syllabus .

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Mesosome Definition

Mesosome Structure

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Mesosome Functions

• Involvement in Septum Formation : Mesosomes are critical during cell division , as they assist in the formation of the septum, which divides the cell into two daughter cells.
• Control of Autolytic Enzymes : Mesosomes help regulate the activity of autolytic enzymes, which are responsible for breaking down cellular components.
• Site for Photosynthetic Apparatus : In photosynthetic bacteria, mesosomes provide a resting place for the photosynthetic apparatus. This location is crucial for processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, enabling the cell to efficiently harness energy.
• Attachment Site for Signal Peptides : Mesosomes contain specific sites for the attachment of signal peptides, which are short sequences that direct the transport of proteins to their appropriate locations within the cell.
• Attachment Site for DNA During Replication : Mesosomes have designated attachment sites for DNA, playing a crucial role during DNA replication. They contain enzymes necessary for the replication process, ensuring accurate copying and distribution of genetic material during cell division.

MCQs of Mesosome

Q1. Mesosomes are the infolding of cell membranes. They

1. help in cell wall formation, DNA replication, and respiration.
2. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane.
3. are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. both (2) and (3).

Q2. What is the characteristic of mesosome structure in prokaryotic cells?

1. Circular DNA.
2. Extensions of plasma membrane in the form of vesicles, tubules, and lamellae.
3. Inclusions.
4. Multiple chromosomes.

Q3. What is the role of mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?

1. DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells.
2. Increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane.
3. Respiration.
4. All of these.

Answers OF MCQs of Mesosome