Parthenocarpy, Definition, Types, and Significance for NEET Exam

Parthenocarpy is a biological phenomenon in which fruits develop without  fertilization  , meaning they do not require pollination or the involvement of male gametes. This process results in seedless fruits, which are often preferred in agriculture due to their ease of consumption and marketability. Parthenocarpy is an important concept in plant biology, particularly for students preparing for the NEET Exam, as it contributes to understanding plant reproduction and its applications in agriculture.

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Definition of Parthenocarpy

Types of Parthenocarpy

Vegetative Parthenocarpy

Stimulative Parthenocarpy

• Interaction with Wasps: In some plants, the insertion of a wasp's ovipositor into the ovary of a flower can stimulate fruit development without fertilization.
• Airflow and Plant Growth Regulators: Artificial stimulation can also occur through the use of plant growth regulators or the influence of environmental factors like flowing air. These stimuli cause the ovaries of unisexual flowers, such as those inside a syconium (a fig's inflorescence), to grow into fruit.

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Significance of Parthenocarpy

• Seedless fruits produced through parthenocarpy have a higher market value. Their smooth texture and ease of consumption make them preferred by consumers, boosting their commercial appeal.
• Parthenocarpic crops reduce the reliance on pollination, which lowers the cost of cultivation. This is particularly useful in areas with limited pollinator populations or challenging environmental conditions.
• Seedless fruits are ideal for preparing various food products such as jams, jellies, sauces, and fruit drinks. The absence of seeds enhances the texture and quality of these products.
• Due to the absence of seeds, parthenocarpic fruits have a higher proportion of edible parts. This increases their utility and efficiency for both direct consumption and processing.
• Plant growth regulators used to induce parthenocarpy stimulate the production of large-sized fruits. These fruits are visually appealing and of better quality, making them more desirable in the market.

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Difference Between Parthenocopy and Parthenogenesis

MCQs of Parthenocarpy

Q1. The phenomenon wherein, the ovary develops into a fruit without fertilisation is called;

1. Parthenocarpy
2. Apomixis
3. Asexual reproduction
4. Sexual reproduction

Q2. How can parthenocarpy be induced in plants?

1. Exposing plants to extreme temperatures.
2. Applying growth hormones.
3. Increasing sunlight exposure.
4. Pruning the branches.

Q3. Assertion: Some fruits are seedless or contain nonviable seeds.

Reason: They are produced without fertilisation.

1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
4. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Answers of MCQs of Parthenocarpy