Structure of Nucleosome: The nucleus of a cell contains genes, which are the units of heredity. Genes are located on chromosomes, forming a chromatin network in a non-dividing cell. Chemically, chromatin consists of a single DNA molecule, five basic types of histone proteins in equal amounts, some RNA molecules, and various acidic proteins in different amounts. Nucleosomes are the fundamental structural units of chromatin.
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is tightly bound to an equal mass of histone proteins, creating a repeating structure of DNA-protein particles known as nucleosomes. If stretched out, the double-helix DNA in each human chromosome would be thousands of times longer than the cell nucleus. Histones are crucial for the efficient packing of this lengthy DNA molecule. Students can refer to the detailed NEET Biology notes on the structure of nucleosomes below.Also Check:
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2. Histone Octamer The histone octamer resembles a spool:NEET Biology Notes | ||
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Plasma Membrane Structure | Pre-Fertilisation | Economic Importance of Algae |
Slime moulds | hypotonic solution | Post fertilisation |
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Embryo | Funaria | Selaginella | Malvaceae |
Polyembryony | Apomixis | Pinus | Pollen Grains |
Chara | Volvox | Endosperm | Equisetum |
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Rhizopus | Fibrous root | Marchantia | Actinomycetes |
Nostoc | Spirogyra | Ribosomes | Liverworts |