Botanical Name Of Rose

Botanical Name Of Rose

May 26, 2023, 16:45 IST

Botanical name is defined as a scientific naming of plants, algae, and fungi that follows the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). The botanical name of the rose is Rosa . Over 360 species of roses are present and all species have multiple sets of soft petals, with thorns adorning the stems. Roses species have various colors and can be used to make perfumes. It can also use for ornamental and landscaping purposes.

Description

Rosaceae family has woody trees, shrubs, climbers, or herbaceous plants. The herbs are mostly perennials.

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Leaves-

Leaves of this family are generally spirally arranged and can be simple or pinnately compounds that appear in around 30 genera. In leaves paired stipules (sometimes adnate to petiole or that attached surface to surface) and leaf margin is often serrate present. Extrafloral nectaries present on the leaf margin and spines present on the midrib of leaflets and compound leaves have rachis.

Flowers-

Flowers of the Rosaceae family are known as “showy”. The structure is radially symmetrical, and hermaphroditic, with five sepals, five petals, and spirally arranged stamens. The cup-like structure is formed known as hypanthium by the fusion of sepals, petals, and stamens that are arranged in spikes or heads. A variety of color petals are present in the Rosaceae family but the blue color is absent completely.

Fruits and Seeds-

Fruits occur in many varieties that can be follicles, capsules, nuts, achenes, drupes, and accessories fruits like the pome of an apple or the hip of a rose. Fruits of the family are edible but seeds contain amygdalin and can release cyanide during digestion if the seed is died or is damaged.

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Classification of Rose

Taxonomy

History:

• The Rosaceace family is divided into six subfamilies:

1. Rosoideae , Spiraeoideae
2. Maloideae (Pomoideae)
3. Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae)
4. Neuradoideae
5. Chrysobalanoideae

• In 1971, Chrysobalanoideae was found in Malpighiales in molecular analyses
• Neuradoideae was found in Malvales.
• Melchior recognized Rosoidease, Dryadoideae, Lyaonothamnoideae, Spireoideae, Amygdaloideae, and Maloideae.
• In 1997, Takhtajan recognized 21 tribes in 10 subfamilies:

1. Filipenduloideae
2. Rosoideae
3. Ruboideae
4. Potentilloideae
5. Coleogynoideae
6. Kerroideae
7. Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae)
8. Spireoideae
9. Maloideae (Pyroideae)
10. Dichotomanthoideae.

Genera:

The identified clades include:

• Subfamily Rosoidae: They are composed traditionally bearing aggregate fruits that are made up of tiny achenes or drupelets. The circumscription is presently more limited (excluding, for instance, the Dryadoideae), but it still encompasses a wide range of species, including rose, Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Fragaria (strawberry), Potentilla, and Geum, as well as five to six tribes. The fleshy section of the fruit, such as the strawberry, is frequently the receptacle or the stalk that contains the carpels.
• Subfamily Amygdaloideae : Maloideae (or Pyroideae), which formerly contained the genera apple, Cotoneaster, and Crataegus, is still recognized as a clade within this group with a pome fruit (hawthorn). The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants forbids the name "Spiraeoideae" to refer to the subfamily. It has been enlarged to include the old Spiraeoideae and Amygdaloideae because to divide it at the subfamily level would leave the other genera as a paraphyletic group.
• Subfamily Dryadoideae: Achenes with hairy styles make up the fruits, which are found in five genera (Dryas, Cercocarpus, Chamaebatia, Cowania, and Purshia). Most of these species create root nodules that are home to bacteria from the genus Frankia that fix nitrogen.

Phylogeny

The relationship between phylogenetics and three subfamilies within Rosaceae is unresolved. Three competing hypotheses are given below:

1. Amygdaloideae basal
2. Dryadoideae basal
3. Rosoideae basal

Popular species of Rose

• Rosa grandiflora
• Rosa bonica
• Rosa floribunda
• Rosa gallicanae
• Rosa pimpinellifolia
• Rosa pinetorum

Uses

Roses best known for ornamental plants that are grown for their flowers in the garden and sometimes in the indoor of houses. They have been also used for making perfumes, cutting flowers, crops landscape plants, heading, and for other utilitarian purposes such as game cover and slope stabilization.

1. Ornamental Plants:

Most ornamental roses are hybrids and that species of roses are grown for attractive and scented foliage, ornamental thorns, or showy fruit. In Mediterranean countries, Persia and China at least 500 BC cultivated roses for millennia. It is calculated that 30 to 35 thousand rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden use as flowering plants. Double-flowered with many stamens having morphed into additional petals. Empress Josephine of France in the 19th century patronized the development of rose breeding at Malmaison. In 1840, Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery in England planted over one thousand different cultivars varieties, and species of rosarium.

2. Cut flowers

Rose crop is popular for both domestic and commercial cut flowers in which they are harvested and cut when in the bud and held in refrigerated conditions until ready for display at their point of sale. Some kinds of the rose crop are colored artificially using dyes like rainbow roses.

Cutting of roses grown in greenhouses in temperate climates. In warmer countries, they may also be grown under the cover that protects flowers from any damage by weather and carried out pest and disease control effectively. Some tropical countries have significant quantities and these are shipped by air to markets across the world.

3. Perfume

Mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals made of rose perfumes. Rose water is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine, and religious practices. Origin of production technique in Persia and then spread via Arabia and India and eastern Europe.

4. Food and drink

Rose hips are high in vitamin C can be edible raw and can be used in jam, jelly, marmalade, and soup or brewed for tea. Rosehip is also used to produce seed oil that is used in skin products or cosmetics.

Botanical Name Of Rose: FAQs

Q1. Mention the botanical name of Rose

Ans. Rosa

Q2. Name three popular species of rose

Ans. Rosa gallicanae, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Rosa pinetorum

Q3. Which class Rose belongs to?

Ans. Rose belongs to Angiosperms.

Q4. What is the main use of Rose?

Ans. Roses species have various colors, and can be used to make perfumes. It can also use for ornamental and landscaping purposes.