What are the Branches of botany?

What are the Branches of botany?

Aug 09, 2022, 16:45 IST

BRANCHES OF BOTANY

During the 19 ^th and 20 ^th centuries Botany progressed rapidly accumulating knowledge on various aspects of plant life. It is divided into different specific branches to facilitate an easy study. Some of them are outlined here:

• Morphology : It deals with the study and description of different organs of plant. Morphology is divided into two parts.
• External Morphology : It is the study and description of external characters of plant organs like root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed etc.
• Internal Morphology : It is the study of internal structure of different plant organs. It has two branches.
  • Histology : It is the study of different tissues present in the plant body.
  • Anatomy : It deals with the study of gross internal details of plant organs like root, stem, leaf, flower etc.
• Cytol​ogy (or) Cell Biology : It is the study of structure and functions of cell and cell organelles and their multiplication.
• Emb​ryology : This branch deals with the study of development of male and female gametophytes, formation of gametes, process of fertilization, development of embryo, endosperm and seed.
• Paly​nology : The study of the development, structure, and all other aspects related to microspores or pollen grains is called Palynology.
• Plan​t Taxonomy : It deals with the identification, nomenclature and classification of plants into related groups on the basis of information obtained from different fields of Botany.
• Pl​ant Physiology : This branch deals with the study of different vital activities of plants like absorption of water and minerals, photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, growth etc.
• Pla​nt Ecology : It is the study of reciprocal relationship between the plants and the environment in which they are living.
• P​alaeobotany : It deals with the study of fossil plants. It helps us in understanding the course of evolution in plants.
• 9. Gene​tics : This branch deals with all aspects related to genes such as their structure, synthesis, inheritance, mutations etc.
• 10. Phytoge​ography : It is the study of distribution of plants in different parts of the globe during the past and present periods of time.
• 11. P​hycology : It is the study of all aspects related to algae, which are chlorophyllous and autotrophic thallopytes.
• 12. My​cology : It deals with the study of fungi which are non-chlorophyllous, heterotrophic thallophytes.
• 13. Lic​henology : It is the study of lichens which are a special group of plants in which an algal member and a fungal member live together as symbionts. They mostly grow on rocks.
• 14. Br​yology : The study of bryophytes is called Bryology.
• ​ 15.Pteridology : It is the study of pteridophytes which are the first vascular plants and therefore called ‘Vascular Cryptogams’.
• 16. Mic​robiology : This branch includes the study of all microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans etc.
  • Bacteriology : It is the study of bacteria
  • Virology : This branch is concerned with the study of viruses.
• Pomology : Study of fruits and fruit yielding plants.
• An​thology : Study of flowers.
• Agrostology : Study of grasses or lawns.
• D​endrology or xylology : Study of shrubs and trees.
• Dendr​ochronology : Deteremination of age of the trees by counting annual rings.
• Phenology : Study of seasonal changes in plants.
• Xylotomy : Study of wood or Xylem vessels.

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Branches of Botany pdf