CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 15 Our Environment

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 15: The surroundings include both living and nonliving things that exist together naturally. It involves a dynamic interaction of weather elements, living beings, and natural resources.

CBSE Class 10 Notes

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 15 PDF Download

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 15 Our Environment

CBSE Class 10 Science notes

• Waste harms the beauty of nature, making our environment messy.
• When these wastes break down, they create a bad smell that spreads to nearby places.
• The waste can block drains, forming pools that attract mosquitoes. These mosquitoes carry diseases like malaria and dengue.

Ecosystem:

Components of Ecosystem:

• Herbivores.
• Carnivores.
• Parasite.
• Omnivores.

• Decomposers play a vital role in getting rid of waste and the remains of plants and animals. As a result, they keep the surroundings clean and make room for new generations of living things.
• These decomposers release minerals and other basic elements stuck in organic matter, which are then absorbed by plants. This process is also beneficial for keeping the soil fertile.
• Decomposers create certain acids that help dissolve some minerals. This aids in making minerals available for other living organisms.
• By helping recycle materials in the biosphere, decomposers ensure that the cycle of life continues endlessly, like an unbroken chain.

Abiotic Components:

• Soil-related factors such as soil type, land shape, water, and air.
• Non-living materials like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, water, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and calcium. These play a role in the cycle of substances in the ecosystem.
• Substances made of living things, like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. These mostly make up the living body and connect the things that are alive and not alive in the ecosystem.

Climatic factors:

1. An ecosystem shows the amount of sunlight it gets and how well it captures it.
2. It tells us about the important minerals that are available and how often they get reused.
3. It provides information about the connections and relationships among different groups of living things, as well as between these groups and the nonliving surroundings.
4. It helps people understand how to conserve resources, stay safe from pollution, and figure out what's needed to get the most out of productivity.

Food Chain:

• Exploring food chains aids in grasping how different living things in an ecosystem relate and interact. These chains shift energy and substances among the ecosystem's living elements.
• Food chains move energy and materials between different living parts within an ecosystem or biosphere.
• Food chains bring liveliness to an ecosystem or biosphere.
• The flow of harmful substances like pesticides and weedicides through food chains can be very detrimental.

Food Web:

Trophic Levels:

• The initial level in the food chain is made up of plants or producers.
• The second level consists of herbivores or primary consumers.
• The third level is formed by carnivores or secondary consumers.
• The fourth level includes large carnivores, also known as tertiary consumers, that eat small carnivores.

Flow Open Energy:

Ten percent law:

Environmental Problems:

Depletion of Ozone Layer:

Garbage Disposal:

• Incineration: The process of burning waste at high temperatures to create ash is known as incineration. This method is performed in a device called an incinerator. Incineration is employed to eliminate household, chemical, and biological wastes.
• Open Dumping: A traditional approach where solid waste is disposed of in specific areas of a town. This practice leads to pollution.
• Landfilling: Waste is placed in low-lying areas and compressed using bulldozers.
• Composting: Organic waste is placed in a compost pit measuring 2m × 1m × 1m, covered with a thin layer of soil. After approximately three months, the garbage in the pit transforms into organic manure.
• Recycling: Solid waste is broken down into its simpler components, which are then used to create new items. Even non-biodegradable materials like plastic and metal can be recycled.
• Reuse: A straightforward method of using an item repeatedly. For instance, paper can be reused to make envelopes, etc.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 15: Manage the Environment Impact of Your Work

• Work activities and usage of resources should be organised so that they are effective and efficient. One also needs to comply with environmental policies and legal requirements.
• The environmental impact of one’s activities should be identified and used responsibly.
• Risks should be identified and reported that are out of one’s control.
• People should be encouraged to contribute their part in improving the environment.