GCBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus 2025-26 Download PDF: Check Complete Details

Geography Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2025-26: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) offers Geography as a key subject for Class 12 students.

This CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus provides a framework for understanding human-environment interactions. The curriculum covers foundational principles of human geography and specific studies related to India's population, resources, and economy.

A clear understanding of the syllabus is crucial for effective exam preparation. It guides students on topics and their weightage.

Geography Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2025-26 Highlights 

CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download

Students can download the official CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus 2025-26 PDF to gain a detailed understanding. This PDF helps in structuring study plans effectively.

It outlines specific topics, sub-topics, and practical guidelines. Having the official document ensures students cover all necessary areas for the examination, including the CBSE Class 12 geography map syllabus and practical syllabus components.

CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download

CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 Chapter Wise Weightage 

Fundamentals of Human Geography

India People and Economy

Geography Practical-II

Detailed Geography Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2025-26- All Books

The Detailed Geography Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2025–26 includes a complete unit-wise breakdown from all three prescribed books. It covers all three prescribed books — Fundamentals of Human Geography, India: People and Economy, and Geography Practical Part II — ensuring complete unit-wise syllabus coverage for Class 12 Geography as per CBSE guidelines.

BOOK: Fundamentals of Human Geography Syllabus

This book focuses on the core concepts of human geography globally.

Unit 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope

• Introduction to Human Geography.

• Approaches: Regional, Systematic, and Dualism.

• Nature of Human Geography.

• Humanisation of Nature and Naturalisation of Humans.

• Schools of thought.

• Fields and subfields.

Unit 2: Population and Human Development

• The World Population: Distribution, Density, Growth.

• Factors influencing population distribution.

• Components of Population change.

• Demographic Transition.

• Population Control Measures.

• Human Development: Concept, indicators.

• Growth and Development.

• Four pillars of Human Development.

• Measuring Human Development: HDI, HPI, GNH.

• International comparisons.

Unit 3: Human Activities

• Primary Activities: Hunting, Gathering, Pastoralism, Agriculture types, Mining.

• Secondary Activities: Manufacturing (characteristics, location factors, classification), High-tech Industry.

• Tertiary Activities: Concepts, types (Trade, Transport, Communication, Services, Tourism).

• Quaternary and Quinary Activities: Concepts, Digital Divide.

• Transport and Communication: Modes (Land, Water, Air, Pipelines), Satellite Communication, Cyberspace.

• International Trade: History, Basis, Balance of Trade, Types, WTO, Trade Blocs, Ports.

Map Work: Identification of features on the World Political Map related to Primary Activities, Transport, Communication, and Trade (e.g., major sea ports, airports, transcontinental railways).

BOOK- India: People and Economy Syllabus

This book explores the geographical aspects of India's population, resources, and economic activities.

Unit 1: Population

• Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition of Population.

• Regional Variation in Population Growth.

• Population Composition: Rural-Urban, Linguistic, Religious.

• Composition of Working Population.

• Gender Sensitivity: 'Beti Bachao–Beti Padhao' campaign.

Unit 2: Human Settlements

• Rural settlements: Types and distribution.

• Urban settlements: Types, distribution, evolution in India.

• Urbanisation, Functional Classification of Towns.

• Smart Cities Mission.

Unit 3: Resources and Development

• Land Resources and Agriculture: Land use, changes, and common property resources.

• Agricultural land use, cropping seasons, and types of farming.

• Major crops, agricultural development, and problems.

• Water Resources: Surface, Groundwater, Lagoons, Backwaters.

• Demand and Utilisation, problems, conservation, management.

• Mineral and Energy Resources: Types, major belts, distribution (Ferrous, Non-Ferrous, Non-metallic).

• Conventional and non-conventional energy sources.

• Conservation of Mineral Resources.

• Planning and Sustainable Development: Target Area Planning (Hill, Drought).

• Sustainable Development concept.

• Case Studies: Bharmaur Region, Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.

Unit 4: Transport, Communication, and International Trade

• Transport and Communication: Means of transport (Road, Rail, Water, Air).

• Communication networks (Personal, Mass).

• International Trade: Changing patterns of exports and imports.

• Direction of Trade, Major Sea Ports, and International Airports.

Unit 5: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

• Environmental pollution, urban waste disposal.

• Rural-Urban Migration, Problems of Slums.

• Land degradation.

Map Work: Locating and labelling features on an outline political map of India. This includes states with population characteristics, leading crop-producing states, mines, oil refineries, major sea ports, and international airports. This component is key to the CBSE Class 12 geography map syllabus.

Geography Practical Part II Syllabus

This section covers practical skills essential for geographical analysis. This is a crucial part of the CBSE Class 12 geography practical syllabus.

Chapter 1: Data – Its Source and Compilation

• Definition of Data, Sources (Primary, Secondary, Unpublished).

• Tabulation and Classification of Data.

• Grouping of Data, Frequency Polygon.

Chapter 2: Data Processing

• Tabulating and processing of data.

• Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode.

• Comparison of Mean, Median, and Mode.

Chapter 3: Graphical Representation of Data

• General rules for drawing diagrams, graphs, and maps.

• Construction of Line graphs, Polygraphs, Bar diagrams (Simple, Line and Bar, Multiple, Compound).

• Pie diagram, Flowchart.

• Thematic maps: Dot Map, Choropleth Map, Isopleth Map.Chapter 4: Spatial Information Technology

• Introduction to GIS (Geographic Information System).

• Advantages, Components, and Spatial Data Formats.

• Sequence of GIS activities: Data input, entering attribute data.

• Data linkages, Spatial analysis (Overlay Analysis, Buffer Operation).

• Practical Record Book and Viva Voce: Assessment based on practical work and oral examination.

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