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What is the total marks distribution for Class 12 Legal Studies?
Theory Paper: 80 Marks
Practical/Project Work: 20 Marks
Total: 100 Marks
How many units are there in the Class 12 Legal Studies syllabus?
The syllabus is divided into eight units, each focusing on different aspects of law such as the judiciary, ADR, business law, criminal law, human rights, international law, and the legal profession.
How is the practical exam assessed?
The practical exam requires students to complete a project involving the analysis of three legal cases (civil, criminal, and constitutional). The project is assessed based on how well students present the facts, identify legal issues, and analyze the outcomes.
Are there any recommended reference books for this subject?
Yes, some widely recommended reference books include:
"Legal Studies for Class 12" by Sandeep Garg and Anuradha Garg
"Legal Studies Class 12" by S.K. Sarvaria
"Comprehensive Legal Studies Class XII" by Dr. R.K. Singla
"Legal Studies for Class XII" by Dr. Rashmi Chaturvedi
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25, Unit Wise Syllabus, Guidelines for Practical Exam
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25 academic session, providing a comprehensive framework for students and teachers to follow in their studies.
Ananya Gupta19 Jan, 2025
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CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25:
CBSE has released the Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year, which outlines the course structure and content for students pursuing the subject. The syllabus includes eight units covering key areas of law, including the Judiciary, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), Business Laws, Human Rights, International Law, and more. It aims to provide students with a strong understanding of legal concepts, case laws, and the functioning of the legal system in India and internationally.
In addition to the theory exam, students will also have a practical exam and project work, where they will analyze and present legal cases. The syllabus is created to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary for both academic success and future careers in law.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25 Overview
The
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus
for Legal Studies the academic year 2024-25 is created to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the legal system, covering both theoretical knowledge and practical applications of law. This syllabus aims to equip students with a comprehensive understanding of various branches of law and the functioning of the judicial system, focusing on topics such as business law, human rights, and international law. Below is an overview of the syllabus structure:
Title
Details
Released By
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
Class
12
Subject
Legal Studies
Academic Year
2024-25
Course Structure
The syllabus is divided into eight units, each focusing on different aspects of law:
Unit 1: Judiciary
Unit 2: Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in India
Unit 3: Business Laws
Unit 4: General Laws
Unit 5: Human Rights
Unit 6: International Law
Unit 7: Legal Profession in India
Unit 8: Legal Services
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25 Unit Wise
The
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus for the academic year 2024-25
is created to give students a detailed understanding of the legal system, the functioning of courts, dispute resolution mechanisms, human rights, and the legal profession. The
cbse syllabus
is divided into eight units, each covering a specific area of law. Below is a detailed breakdown of the content covered in each unit:
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 1: Judiciary
Structure and Hierarchy of Courts
: Understand the various levels of courts in India, including the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts.
Legal Officers in India
: Roles of legal officers like judges, public prosecutors, and advocates in the judicial process.
Constitution, Roles, and Impartiality
: The role of the judiciary in upholding the Constitution and ensuring justice without bias.
Appointments, Retirement, and Removal of Judges
: The process of appointing judges, their tenure, and the procedures for their removal.
Tribunals
: The functioning of specialized courts for specific areas of law.
Judicial Review
: The judiciary’s power to review laws passed by the legislature and actions of the executive to ensure they align with the Constitution.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 2 : Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in India
Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems
: Differences between the adversarial (used in India) and inquisitorial systems of justice.
Meaning and Scope of ADR
: Alternative Dispute Resolution as an alternative to traditional litigation.
Arbitration
: A method where disputes are resolved outside court, by an impartial third party.
Mediation and Conciliation
: Collaborative processes that help parties settle disputes amicably.
Lok Adalat, Ombudsman, Lokpal, and Lokayukta
: Key institutions that address grievances and provide quick justice.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 3 : Law of Contract
Introduction to Contracts
: Basic principles and definitions of contracts.
Formation of Contract
: How contracts are formed, including offer, acceptance, and consideration.
Intention to Contract, Capacity to Contract, Consent
: Key elements required for a valid contract.
Types of Contracts
: Various contracts such as unilateral, bilateral, express, and implied contracts.
Discharge of Contract
: Ways a contract may be terminated, including by performance, breach, or agreement.
Remedies in Case of Breach
: Legal recourse available when a contract is breached.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For : Law of Torts
Concept of Law of Torts
: An introduction to civil wrongs that cause harm or loss to a person or property.
Sources of Law of Torts
: Origins of tort law, including judicial precedents and statutes.
Intentional Tort
: Wrongs committed deliberately, like assault or defamation.
Negligence
: Legal consequences of failing to take reasonable care.
Strict Liability and Absolute Liability
: Concepts of liability without fault, particularly in hazardous activities.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 3 : Law of Property
Types of Property
: Different categories of property such as movable, immovable, and intellectual property.
Who Can Transfer Property
: Conditions under which a person can transfer their property.
Essentials of a Valid Transfer
: Requirements for the legal transfer of property.
Types of Transfer
: Different methods of property transfer, such as Sale, Lease, Exchange, and Gift.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 3 : Intellectual Property Law
Meaning of Intellectual Property
: An overview of intellectual property (IP) and its importance in protecting creations of the mind.
International Obligations
: Key international agreements that influence Indian IP law, such as WIPO.
Copyright, Patent, Trademark, Geographical Indication, Design
: Various forms of intellectual property protection and their legal implications.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 4: Law and Sustainable Development
Introduction and International Initiatives
: The concept of sustainable development in law and global efforts to protect the environment.
Provisions Under Indian Constitution
: Constitutional provisions related to environmental protection.
Environment Protection Act, 1986
: An overview of India’s legislation aimed at environmental conservation.
Pollution Control Boards
: Role and functions of pollution control authorities in India.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 4 : Forms of Legal Entities
Types of Legal Entities in India
: Different legal entities under Indian law such as sole proprietorship, partnerships, LLPs, and companies.
Private Limited Company, Public Limited Company, One Person Company
: Different types of companies under Indian law and their formation and regulation.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 4 : Criminal Laws in India
Objectives of Criminal Law
: The purpose and scope of criminal law in ensuring justice.
Legislations for Criminal Laws in India
: Key legislations such as the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).
Distinction Between Intention and Motive
: Understanding the difference between the intention behind a crime and the motive.
Stages of Crime
: The stages through which a crime progresses – from intention to commission.
The Indian Evidence Act
: Key provisions related to evidence in criminal cases, including admissions and confessions.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 5 : Human Rights in India
Introduction and Historical Context
: The evolution of human rights in India and globally.
Indian Constitutional Framework
: Provisions in the Indian Constitution related to human rights, including Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
The Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Duties
: Key articles of the Constitution that protect human rights.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 5 : Human Rights Violations and Complaint Mechanisms
Quasi-Judicial Bodies
: Understanding the role of bodies like NHRC (National Human Rights Commission), NCW (National Commission for Women), and NCPCR (National Commission for Protection of Child’s Rights) in addressing human rights violations.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 6: International Law
Historical Evolution of International Law
: The development and scope of international law over time.
International Human Rights
: How international law protects human rights.
Dispute Resolution
: Mechanisms for resolving disputes between nations under international law.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 7: Legal Profession in India
The Advocate Act, 1961
: Regulation of the legal profession in India.
Lawyers and Professional Ethics
: Ethical guidelines for lawyers.
Legal Education in India, USA, and UK
: Comparison of legal education systems in these countries.
Women in the Legal Profession
: The role and challenges faced by women in law.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus For Unit 8 : Legal Services
History of Legal Services
: The development of legal services in India.
Free Legal Aid
: Legal aid under criminal law and its provisions under the Indian Constitution.
National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
: The role of NALSA in ensuring access to justice for all.
Legal Aid in Context of Social Justice and Human Rights
: The importance of legal aid in upholding social justice.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25 Course Structure
The
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus
for the academic year 2024-25 is divided into eight well-structured units, each covering essential aspects of law, including topics like judiciary, business laws, human rights, and the legal profession. Below is a breakdown of the units, topics covered, and the marks allocated for each unit:
Sr. No.
Unit
Periods
Marks
Unit 1
Judiciary
25
08
Unit 2
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in India
20
08
Unit 3
Topics in Law-I (Business Laws)
35
20
Unit 4
Topics in Law-II (General Laws)
35
10
Unit 5
Concept of Human Rights
30
10
Unit 6
International Law
20
08
Unit 7
Legal Profession in India
20
08
Unit 8
Legal Services
15
08
Project
Project Work
-
20
Total
-
220
100
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Guidelines for Practical Exam
The Practical Exam for CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies plays a important role in evaluating students' ability to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world legal situations. The practical exam carries 20 marks and requires students to complete a project based on the analysis of three legal cases: one civil, one criminal, and one constitutional. Here are the detailed guidelines to help students prepare and perform well in the practical exam.
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Project Guidelines
Selection of Cases
: Students must select three relevant cases from the
civil
,
criminal
, and
constitutional
categories. These cases should be in line with the topics covered in the syllabus and must be chosen from credible sources, preferably from landmark judgments or recent legal cases.
Required Details for Each Case
: For each of the three selected cases, students must present the following details:
Name of the Case
Parties Involved
: The names of the plaintiffs, defendants, or other relevant parties in the case.
Citation
: The legal reference of the case (e.g., case number, year, court).
Nature of the Case
: Whether the case is civil, criminal, or constitutional.
Bench
: The judges who presided over the case.
Facts of the Case
: A detailed description of the events leading to the case, highlighting key facts and the issues involved.
Issues Involved
: The primary legal questions that the court had to address.
Decision of the Case
: The final judgment, including the
Ratio Decidendi
(the legal principle or reasoning) and
Obiter Dicta
(additional remarks by the judge that are not binding but offer insights).
Structure and Presentation
:
Facts of the Case
: Present all the relevant facts clearly and in chronological order. Ensure that the facts are supported by evidence, and the sequence is logical and easy to follow.
Statement of Legal Problem and Outcome
: Clearly define the legal problem in the case, followed by a thorough analysis of the issue. Predict the outcome based on legal reasoning and precedents.
Legal Analysis and Reasoning
: Organize the facts and evidence to highlight key differences or similarities in the case. Use
inductive
(generalizing from specific facts) and
deductive
(drawing conclusions from general principles) reasoning to analyze the case.
Identification of Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta
: Clearly identify the
Ratio Decidendi
(the ruling principle) and
Obiter Dicta
(the judge's additional remarks). These should be presented in precise terms, linking them to the final decision.
Reflections on the Case
:
Students should provide a
personal reflection
on the case, analyzing the judgment's implications on society, legal practice, or future cases. Encourage the exploration of alternative arguments, innovative approaches, and the connection between existing laws and their application in the case.
Reflect critically on the decision: Was it appropriate? Could there have been an alternative solution? What are the pros and cons of the decision?
Rubrics for Assessment :
The project will be graded based on the following rubrics:
Criteria
Exceeding (76-100%)
Accomplished (61-75%)
Developing (34-60%)
Beginning (13-33%)
Presentation of Facts
All facts are presented logically, clearly, and in chronological order with supporting evidence
Most facts presented logically with some minor gaps
Some facts presented logically but incomplete
Facts are presented unclearly or in random order
Statement of Legal Problem & Outcome
Clear definition of the legal problem and thorough analysis with a predicted outcome based on reasoning
Legal problem mostly clear with analysis and outcome prediction
Legal problem vaguely defined with unclear outcome prediction
Legal problem unclear, with no prediction made
Information Gathering
Comprehensive and relevant information covering all facts and laws
Relevant information covering only crucial facts
Insufficient information to cover all facts and laws
Incomplete or irrelevant information gathered
Correlation of Facts
Facts are well correlated, logically organized, and presented in a persuasive manner
Most facts are well correlated and presented logically
Some correlation between facts, but presentation lacks coherence
Facts lack correlation and do not follow a logical structure
Legal Analysis & Reasoning
Strong legal analysis using inductive and deductive reasoning, with organized evidence
Legal analysis done, but reasoning lacks clarity and depth
Legal analysis is weak and lacks proper reasoning
No coherent legal analysis or reasoning presented
Identification of Ratio Decidendi & Obiter Dicta
Clearly identifies Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta
Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta identified but with minor clarity issues
Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta identified, but lacking clarity
Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta not identified
Reflections on the Case
Critical reflection with alternative solutions, questioning existing beliefs and analyzing pros and cons
Some reflection with personal insights on the case
Basic reflection with limited personal perspective
No substantial reflection, just repeating the case details
CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus 2024-25 PDF Download
You can easily access and download the CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus for 2024-25 by following the provided link. The syllabus outlines the topics and units students will cover throughout the year, including crucial legal concepts such as the judiciary, business laws, human rights, international law, and the legal profession. This well-structured curriculum ensures that students develop a deep understanding of the legal system, preparing them for academic exams and potential future careers in law. To download the PDF, simply click on the link below and save it for future reference.
