CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes Chapter 7: In CBSE Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation students learn the concept of marginalisation and its implications in society. To be marginalised means to be pushed to the edges or fringes of societal activities, often excluded from mainstream opportunities and resources.

Marginalised groups may face exclusion due to factors such as different languages, customs, religions, economic status, or perceived social hierarchy.

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By examining these dynamics the chapter helps students understand the multifaceted nature of marginalisation and encourages a deeper awareness of the inequalities present in society.

CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation Overview

These notes for CBSE Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation have been prepared by subject experts of Physics Wallah to provide students with a detailed overview of the concept of marginalisation. This chapter sheds light on the ways certain groups in society are pushed to the margins due to various factors such as language, religion, socio-economic status, and cultural differences.

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CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes Chapter 7 PDF

The PDF for CBSE Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation is available below. By studying this PDF students can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of marginalisation and the impact it has on access to resources and opportunities. The notes are designed to enhance students grasp of the subject and support their academic success in understanding these critical social issues.

CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes Chapter 7 PDF

CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

Here are the notes for CBSE Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation. This chapter explain the concept of marginalisation, which involves the systematic exclusion of certain groups from mainstream societal benefits and opportunities. By understanding these dynamics, students can gain insights into the complexities of social exclusion and the importance of implementing measures to promote equality and inclusion.

Who Are Adivasis?

Adivasis, also known as tribals, are communities indigenous to India, traditionally living in close association with forests. The term "Adivasi" translates to "original inhabitants," reflecting their long-standing presence in various regions of the country. They make up about 8% of India's population and are concentrated in states such as Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and the northeastern states. India's Adivasi population is not homogeneous; it consists of over 500 distinct tribal groups, each with unique cultures and practices. Unlike communities organized by caste or those ruled by kings, Adivasi societies often exhibit minimal hierarchical structures. They practice diverse tribal religions, which include the worship of ancestors, village, and nature spirits. This spiritual practice is deeply rooted in their environment, involving deities associated with natural elements like mountains, rivers, and animals. Adivasi religions have historically interacted with and influenced dominant religions of surrounding empires. For example, the Jagannath cult of Odisha and various Shakta and Tantric traditions in Bengal and Assam reflect this cross-cultural exchange. In the 19th century, many Adivasis converted to Christianity, which now plays a significant role in their contemporary religious landscape. The Adivasi languages, many of which are distinct from mainstream Indian languages, have contributed to the development of languages like Bengali. Santhali, one of the major Adivasi languages, boasts a large number of speakers and a significant body of literature, including magazines and online publications.

Adivasis and Stereotyping

Adivasis, or tribal communities in India, are often portrayed in stereotypical and simplistic ways, mainly through their colorful attire, headgear, and dance forms. This portrayal contributes to a narrow view of their lives, leading to misconceptions that they are exotic, primitive, and backward. Such stereotypes obscure the rich and diverse realities of Adivasi life and fail to acknowledge their complex social, cultural, and historical backgrounds.

Adivasis and Development

Historically, Adivasis lived in close association with the vast forested regions of India. Up until the 19th century, they had significant control over these lands and were not governed by large states or empires. They were traditionally hunter-gatherers and practiced shifting agriculture. However, over the past 200 years, economic changes, forest policies, and political pressures have drastically altered their way of life. The industrial and colonial expansion led to the forced migration of Adivasis from their traditional lands to work in plantations, construction sites, and industries. For instance, large numbers of Adivasis from Jharkhand and neighboring areas were relocated to various plantations across India and even to other countries. Their labor was crucial for industries such as tea in Assam. Unfortunately, this migration often came at a great human cost, including significant loss of life. The development projects that cleared forests for timber and industrial use have further displaced Adivasis from their ancestral lands. Mining projects and the construction of large dams have resulted in the displacement of many Adivasi communities. Official figures reveal that over 50% of those displaced due to mining are tribals, and in some states, such as Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Jharkhand, the percentage is as high as 79%. The establishment of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, which were once Adivasi lands, has also led to their eviction. Today, Adivasis face severe challenges, including poverty, low literacy rates, and malnutrition. Displacement has led to the loss of not only their source of income but also their traditions, customs, and ways of life. The interconnectedness of their economic and social dimensions means that destruction in one sphere often impacts the other, making the process of dispossession and displacement particularly painful and violent.

Minorities and Marginalisation

The Indian Constitution includes specific safeguards for religious and linguistic minorities to ensure their protection and inclusion within the larger societal framework. These provisions address more than mere numerical representation; they tackle deeper issues of power dynamics, access to resources, and cultural expression. In a society where the majority culture often dominates, minority communities can experience marginalisation due to their smaller numbers and distinct cultural practices. These safeguards are designed to protect minority communities from cultural domination, discrimination, and disadvantage, ensuring that their unique identities and rights are preserved. The Constitution's commitment to safeguarding cultural diversity and promoting equality is reinforced by the judiciary, which plays a crucial role in upholding Fundamental Rights and addressing grievances through legal recourse.

Muslims and Marginalisation

Muslims, constituting 14.2% of India’s population according to the 2011 Census, are considered a marginalised community due to their socio-economic and educational disadvantages. Despite various development efforts, Muslims have lagged behind in several indicators, prompting the establishment of the Sachar Committee in 2005, led by Justice Rajindar Sachar. This committee investigated the status of Muslims and found that their conditions were comparable to those of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The marginalisation faced by Muslims is compounded by social factors, such as distinct customs and practices that sometimes lead to discrimination and unfair treatment. This has resulted in social segregation and, in some cases, violence. Addressing marginalisation requires a multi-faceted approach involving legal safeguards, social reforms, and inclusive policies to protect the diversity and promote equality, reflecting the core values enshrined in the Constitution.

Benefits of CBSE Class 8 Civics Notes Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

• Focused Revision : The notes provide a concise and structured overview of Chapter 7, helping students quickly review key concepts related to marginalisation. This focused content makes it easier to grasp and retain important information.
• Understanding Key Concepts : By breaking down complex topics such as the causes and effects of marginalisation, the notes help students develop a clear understanding of key concepts. This clarity helps in answering both theoretical and application-based questions effectively.
• Critical Analysis Skills : The notes encourage students to analyze and evaluate the impact of marginalisation on various communities. Developing these critical analysis skills is crucial for answering higher-order thinking questions in exams.
• Exam Strategy : Understanding the structure and content of the notes helps students plan their study strategy more effectively. They can allocate time to review each section based on its importance and difficulty level.
• Quick Reference : For last-minute revision the notes are a quick reference guide, allowing students to revisit important points and refresh their memory efficiently.
• Comprehensive Coverage : The notes ensure comprehensive coverage of the chapter, reducing the chances of missing out on essential topics. This thorough preparation boosts confidence and reduces exam-related stress.