Population Class 9 Notes are based on CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 6. It focuses on the study of India’s population and its characteristics. Population refers to the total number of people living in a particular area at a specific time.
This chapter explains population size, distribution, density, growth rate, population change, and population composition.
The Class 9th Population Notes also highlight how factors such as birth rate, death rate, migration, and literacy affect population growth. This chapter is included in CBSE Class 9th Social Science syllabus.
What is Population?
Population refers to the total number of people living in an area. Humans are both producers and consumers of resources.
Understanding population numbers and characteristics is crucial for national planning. These class 9 population notes explore how many people live in India, their locations, and how their numbers change. This chapter helps to understand human resources.
Population Class 9 Notes
Population is a fundamental element in geography. It shapes how resources are used and developed.
This section provides detailed Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 Notes for your understanding. It is important that you follow the CBSE Class 9 exam pattern to understand the types of questions that appear in the exam.
Population Size and Distribution
India's population was 1,210.6 million in March 2011. This represents 17.5% of the world's total population. Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state, holding about 16% of the country's population. Roughly half of India's population resides in five states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh.
Population density measures the number of persons per unit area. In 2011, India's population density was 382 persons per square kilometer. This makes India one of the most densely populated countries globally.
Population Growth and Change
Population numbers, distribution, and composition constantly change. Three main processes drive these changes: births, deaths, and migration.
Population growth refers to the change in the number of inhabitants over a specific period. This change can be shown in two ways:
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Absolute Numbers: This is found by subtracting the earlier population from the later population.
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Percentage Change Per Year: This is also called the annual growth rate. For example, a 2% annual growth rate means an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population.
Processes of Population Change
Three key processes cause population change.
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Birth Rates: This is the number of live births per thousand people in a year. India has historically seen higher birth rates than death rates.
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Death Rates: This is the number of deaths per thousand people in a year.
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Migration: This involves the movement of people across regions. Migration can be internal (within a country) or international (between countries). In India, rural-urban migration has increased city and town populations steadily.
Age Composition
The age composition divides a population into different age groups. A nation's population is grouped into three main categories:
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Children (Below 15 years): These individuals are usually not economically productive. They need support for food, clothing, education, and health care.
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Working Age (15–59 years): This group is economically productive and biologically reproductive. They form the working population.
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Aged (Above 59 years): These individuals may work voluntarily. However, they are not typically available for new employment through recruitment.
Sex Ratio
The sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males. It serves as an important social indicator. It measures the level of equality between males and females in a society.
Literacy Rates
As per the 2011 Census, a person aged seven years or older who can read and write with understanding in any language is literate. India's literacy rate was 73% in 2011.
Occupational Structure
Occupational structure describes how the population is distributed based on different types of jobs. Occupations are generally classified into three types:
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Primary Activities: This includes agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining, and quarrying.
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Secondary Activities: These involve manufacturing industries, building, and construction work.
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Tertiary Activities: This category covers transport, communication, commerce, administration, and various services.
Health
Health is a vital part of population composition. It directly impacts a country's development process. Significant improvements in public health in India stem from several factors. These include preventing infectious diseases and using modern medical practices for diagnosis and treatment.
Adolescent Population
Adolescents are people aged 10 to 19 years. They are a crucial resource for a nation's future. This group makes up one-fifth of India's total population. Adolescents generally have higher nutritional needs than younger children or adults.
National Population Policy (NPP) 2000
The NPP 2000 provides a framework for population-related goals. It aims to offer free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age. It also targets reducing the infant mortality rate below 30 per 1000 live births. Universal immunization for children against vaccine-preventable diseases is another goal. The policy encourages delayed marriage for girls. It aims to make family welfare a people-centered program. NPP 2000 also addresses the needs of adolescents. This includes protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
National Population Policy 2000 Objectives
The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 outlines several important goals:
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Provide free and compulsory education for children up to 14 years.
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Decrease infant mortality rates to below 30 per 1000 live births.
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Achieve universal immunization for children against various diseases.
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Promote delayed marriage for girls.
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Make family welfare programs more people-centric.
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Address adolescent needs, including protection from STDs and unwanted pregnancies.