CBSE Class 9 Geography Notes Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

CBSE Class 9 Geography Notes Chapter 2: Chapter 2 of the CBSE Class 9 Geography book, "Physical Features of India," teaches about the different landforms in India. It explains how mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts, coastal areas, and islands were formed and how they look.

CBSE Class 9 Geography Notes Chapter 2 Physical Features of India Overview

CBSE Class 9 Geography Notes Chapter 2 PDF

CBSE Class 9 Geography Notes Chapter 2 PDF

CBSE Notes Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

Major Physiographic Divisions

1. The Himalayan Mountains
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Indian Desert
5. The Coastal Plains
6. The Islands

The Himalayan Mountains

Great Himalayas (Himadri):

• The northernmost range with the highest peaks averaging 6,000 meters.
• Composed of granite and characterized by asymmetrical folds.

Lesser Himalayas (Himachal):

• South of the Himadri, forming a rugged mountain system.
• Includes the Pir Panjal range, the longest and most significant range.

Outer Himalayas (Shiwaliks):

• The outermost range composed of unconsolidated sediments.
• Features longitudinal valleys known as Duns, such as Dehradun and Kotli Dun.

• Punjab Himalaya: Between Indus and Satluj, also known as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya.
• Kumaon Himalayas: Between Satluj and Kali rivers.
• Nepal Himalayas: Between Kali and Teesta rivers.
• Assam Himalayas: Between Teesta and Dihang rivers.
• Eastern Hills (Purvachal): Along the eastern boundary of India, including Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipur Hills, and Mizo Hills.

The Northern Plain

1. Punjab Plains: Formed by the Indus and its tributaries - Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj.
2. Ganga Plain: Extends from Ghaggar to Teesta rivers, covering North India, Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
3. Brahmaputra Plain: Located in Assam.

• Bhabar: A narrow belt where rivers deposit pebbles at the foot of the Shiwaliks.
• Terai: Wet, swampy region created by rivers re-emerging from Bhabar.
• Bhangar: Older alluvium forming terrace-like features above floodplains.
• Khadar: Younger floodplain deposits with fertile soil.

The Peninsular Plateau

Divisions of the Peninsular Plateau:

Central Highlands:

• Located north of the Narmada River, covering the Malwa plateau extensively.
• Includes eastward extensions known as Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand.

Deccan Plateau:

• South of the Narmada River, it forms a triangular landmass.
• Extends northeast into Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau, and North Cachar Hills.

Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats:

Western Ghats:

• Parallel to the western coast of India.
• Continuous and can only be crossed through passes.
• Higher elevation ranging from 900 to 1600 meters.
• Includes Anamudi as its highest peak.

Eastern Ghats:

• Stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nilgiris in the south.
• Discontinuous and irregular, dissected by rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
• Lower elevation averaging around 600 meters.
• Mahendragiri (1,501 meters) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats.

The Indian Desert

• Sandy Plain with Sand Dunes: The region is covered with extensive sand dunes.
• Low Rainfall: Receives very minimal rainfall, averaging below 150 mm per year.
• Dry Climate: Has a dry climate with sparse vegetation.

The Coastal Plains

Eastern Coastal Plain

• Location: It stretches between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.
• Regions: Known as the Northern Circar in the north and the Coromandel Coast in the south.
• Rivers: Major rivers like the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri form extensive deltas here.
• Significant Feature: Lake Chilika, a notable brackish water lagoon, is found along this coast.

Western Coastal Plain

• Location: Positioned between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
• Divisions:
  • Konkan: Northern part, spanning from Mumbai to Goa.
  • Kannad Plain: Central stretch.
  • Malabar Coast: Southern part, known for its lush greenery and scenic beauty.

The Islands of India

Lakshadweep Islands

• Composition: Made up of small coral islands formerly known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindive.
• Geographical Division: The islands are broadly categorized into:
  • Andaman Islands: Located in the north.
  • Nicobar Islands: Situated in the south.
• Climate: These islands experience an equatorial climate characterized by high humidity and thick forest cover.

• Mountains: Are the crucial sources of water and forest resources.
• Northern Plains: Known as the granaries of the country, supporting early civilizations with fertile agricultural lands.
• Plateau: Rich in mineral resources, contributing significantly to India's industrialization.
• Coastal Regions and Islands: Provide ideal locations for fishing, port activities, and tourism, contributing to economic growth and development.

Benefits of CBSE Class 9 Geography Notes Chapter 2

• Easy Learning: The notes help you understand geography topics easily by breaking them down into simpler parts.
• Important Ideas: They highlight the main concepts so you can focus on what's most important.
• Clear Understanding: Notes explain difficult ideas in a way that makes them easier to understand.
• Quick Review: You can use them to quickly review before exams to remember everything you've learned.
• Exam Help: They prepare you well for exams by covering key points and possible questions.
• Study Alone: You can study on your own pace with these notes, which helps you learn better.
• Building Knowledge: By using notes, you can build a strong foundation in geography for future studies.