Formation Of Swaraj Party

Formation Of Swaraj Party

• Within the congress, some leaders were by now tired of mass struggle and wanted to participate in the elections to the provincial councils that had been set up by the government of India act of 1919.
• They felt it was important to oppose the British policies within the councils.
• C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics.
• Young leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose wanted more radical mass struggle for independence.

TWO FACTORS THAT SHAPED THE INDIAN POLITICS:

• The first factor was the effect of the world wide economic depression. Agricultural prices began to fall from 1927 and collapsed after 1930.
• Demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined. The peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay revenue.
• The second factor the new Tory government in Britain sent the Simon commission. It was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest changes.
• All parties, including the Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations.
• In an effort to win them over, the viceroy, Lord Irwin, announced in October 1929, a vague offer of ‘dominion status’ for India in an unspecified future, and a Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution.
• This did not satisfy the Congress leaders. The radicals within the Congress, led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, became more assertive.
• The liberals and moderates, who were proposing a constitutional system within the framework of British dominion, gradually lost their influence.