Difference Between Chromosome and Chromatid
One single, double-stranded DNA molecule makes up each chromosome. A centromere connects the middle of two double-stranded DNA strands to form a chromatid. Check this article to know more about the difference between Chromosome and Chromatid.
Jasdeep Bhatia9 Mar, 2024
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Difference Between Chromosome and Chromatid : Chromosomes and chromatids are important biological structures. They are involved in cell division and DNA replication. Despite their similar-sounding names, they are distinct structures with unique functions. Understanding the difference between the two is crucial, especially so for students of biology and those preparing for PCMB exams.
This comprehensive study material explores the key differences between chromosomes and chromatids. It explains the structure and function of each. The article provides easy-to-understand examples to help grasp the concepts easily. By the end of this article, you'll have a solid understanding of these fundamental biological structures.Chromosome
A chromosome, found in the nucleus of a cell, is a thread-like structure made up of DNA and protein. It carries genetic information from parents to offspring. In humans, each somatic cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, while gametes have only 23 chromosomes. Chromosomes can be visualized under a microscope during cell division. Each chromosome has a characteristic shape and size. The number and structure of chromosomes vary among different species.Chromatid
A chromatid is one-half of a replicated chromosome. During cell division, each chromosome replicates to form two identical chromatids joined by a centromere. The chromatids separate during cell division to form two new chromosomes. Each chromatid contains a copy of the genetic information in the parent chromosome. After separation, each new cell receives one chromatid from each replicated chromosome.Related Links -
Difference Between Chromosomes and Chromatids
Chromosomes and chromatids are two important structures involved in cell division and reproduction. While they share some similarities, they also have distinct differences. The following table shows the differences between the two -| Chromosomes | Chromatids |
| A complete structure made up of DNA and protein | One-half of a replicated chromosome |
| It carries genetic information from parents to offspring | It contains a copy of the genetic information present in the parent chromosome |
| Visible under a microscope during cell division | Not visible on its own |
| Present in pairs in somatic cells and as a single copy in gametes | Present in pairs during cell division and as a single copy in each new cell |
| Has a characteristic shape and size | Identical to its paired chromatid |
| Passed from one generation to the next during sexual reproduction | Separated during cell division to form new chromosomes |
| Can undergo recombination or exchange of genetic information | Cannot undergo recombination or exchange of genetic information |
| Can be linear or circular | Can only be linear |
Structure of Chromosome and Chromatid
A chromosome is a complete structure while a chromatid is only one-half of a replicated chromosome. During cell division, each chromosome replicates to form two identical chromatids. These are held together at a point called the centromere. Chromosomes and chromatids have similar structures. Both are made up of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. The chromosome is more complex, containing multiple genes and regulatory elements.The Function of Chromosomes and Chromatids
The main function of chromosomes is to carry genetic information and transfer it from one generation to the next. Chromatid contains a copy of the genetic information present in the parent chromosome. A chromosome is responsible for regulating gene expression and protein synthesis. It protects the DNA from damage during cell division. Chromatid ensures that the genetic information is accurately passed on to the daughter cells during cell division. The number and structure of chromosomes can vary between different organisms. At the same time, mutations or changes in chromosome number or structure can lead to genetic disorders and diseases.Difference Between Centipede And Millipede
Importance of Chromosomes and Chromatids
Chromosomes and chromatids are essential for cell division and reproduction. Chromosomes ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information from the parent cell. Chromatids ensure that each new cell receives a copy of the genetic information present in the parent cell. Abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can lead to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. Abnormalities in chromatid separation can lead to errors in cell division and the development of cancer. By understanding the structure and function of chromosomes and chromatids, we can gain insights into the genetic basis of life and diseases.Difference Between Chromosome and Chromatid FAQs
What is the function of chromosomes in the body?
Chromosomes carry genetic information determining an individual's inherited traits. This genetic information includes eye colour and height among others. They also play a critical role in cell division, ensuring each new cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.
Can chromatids exist independently from chromosomes?
No, chromatids cannot exist independently from chromosomes. They are only one-half of a replicated chromosome. Chromatids are separated during cell division to form new chromosomes.
How many chromatids are present in a replicated chromosome?
A replicated chromosome contains two identical chromatids held together at the centromere. These chromatids are formed when the DNA in the original chromosome is replicated before cell division.
What is the difference between sister chromatids and non-sister chromatids?
Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a replicated chromosome. Non-sister chromatids are chromatids from different chromosomes that are paired together during the process of crossing over in meiosis.
What happens if there is an error in chromosome segregation during cell division?
Errors in chromosome segregation can lead to serious genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome. These disorders are caused by the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in the body's cells.
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