Difference Between Replication And Transcription: DNA replication is the procedure used to produce two daughter strands, each comprising half of the DNA double helix. During the S phase of the cell cycle, this takes place. DNA Helicase and DNA Polymerase are the enzymes involved in this process.
On the other hand, transcription is the procedure used to convert genetic data from DNA to RNA. The cell's G1 and G2 stages are where this process takes place. RNA polymerase is its catalyser. Check out this post to see how they vary from one another.Related Links -
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The leading strand is the term used to describe the constantly synthesised new DNA strand. The other strand, known as the lagging strand, is composed of bits known as Okazaki fragments. By incorporating nucleotides that are complementary to the template, DNA polymerase creates the new strand. Starting at the 3′ ends of the preexisting nucleotide chain, nucleotides are added in the 3′ to 5′ direction. The phosphodiester link between the proximal phosphate group and the 3′ OH of the pentose ring of the entering nucleotide creates the sugar-phosphate backbone. The additional enzymes involved in DNA replication are topoisomerase, helicase, DNA primase, and DNA ligase. The telomeric regions of chromosomes are where DNA replication comes to an end. Because the mismatch incorporation rate is less than 1 per 107 integrated nucleotides, DNA polymerases frequently maintain excellent fidelity. Additionally, students offer a 3 to 5-foot proofreading exercise where they can correct any end-to-integrated inconsistencies. On the other hand, mismatches can be corrected by post-replication mismatch repair mechanisms. The final incorporation rate is less than one error per 109 integrated nucleotides. DNA is replicated in vitro using synthetic DNA primers and DNA polymerases derived from bacteria. The polymerase chain reaction is the name of the molecular biological technique used for in vitro DNA replication (PCR). Taq polymerase is the name of the enzyme utilised in PCR. In PCR, DNA primer pairs are commonly used to separate DNA fragments from a known sequence.Difference Between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Difference Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Replication
Post-transcriptional alterations refer to the splicing of exons, polyadenylation, and 5′ end capping in eukaryotes. Genes can also produce non-coding RNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, essential for synthesising, regulating, and processing proteins.Related Links -
Replication | Transcription |
Two identical copies of the original double-stranded DNA molecule is created via DNA replication. One original DNA strand makes up each of the new strands. | Using double-stranded DNA, transcription creates a single-stranded RNA molecule. |
It passes on its full DNA to its progeny. | It produces RNA copies of a certain gene. |
Enzymes are DNA primase, DNA ligase, topoisomerase, and helicase. | Enzymes are RNA polymerase and transcriptase, a form of DNA helicase. |
It takes place as the cell prepares to divide during the S phase. | The cell must synthesise proteins in the G1 and G2 phases. |
Hydrogen bonds hold a newly synthesised DNA strand to its template. | Transcripted RNA emerges from its template. |
An RNA primer is needed by DNA polymerase to start the replication process. | Primers are not needed for RNA polymerase. |
The lagging strand produces pieces of Okazaki. | Except the Okazaki fragments, transcription only happens in the 5′ to 3′ direction. |
There are two daughter strands created. | The production of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and non-coding RNA like microRNA. |
In the nucleus, same DNA is still there. | A larger portion of the product enters the cytoplasm. |
Through progeny, replicated DNA is conserved. | Even before they start to work, the majority of RNAs are destroyed. |
DNA that has just been created gets unprocessed. | Post-transcriptional changes are made to transcribe RNAs. |