science class 10th chapter-Acid base and salt Formula & Important points
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science class 10th chapter-Acid base and salt Formula & Important points
Jul 07, 2022, 16:45 IST
Class- 10th chapter- Acid base and salt Formula & Important points
| Indicator | Colour in acidic solution | Colour In basic solution |
| Blue litmus solution | Red | No colour change |
| Red litmus solution | No colour change | Blue |
| Phenol phthanlein | Coloruress | Pink |
| Methyl orange | Pink | Yellow |
Physical properties of Acids and Bases:
| Acids | Bases | ||
| ➞ | Sour taste | ➞ | Bitter taste |
| ➞ | Turns blue litmus to red | ➞ | Turns red litmus to blue |
| ➞ | Provided H+ ions When dissociated | ➞ | Provided OH– ion when dissociated |
| ➞ | pH less than 7 | ➞ |
Bases dissolve in Water to give alkalies
pH more than 7 upto 14 |
| ➞ | strong acids HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 | ➞ | strong base NaOH, KOH |
| ➞ | weak acids H2CO3 CH3COOH H3PO4 | ➞ | weak base NH4OH |
| Name | Type | Chemical Formula | Where found or used |
| Carbonic acid | Mineral acid | H 2 CO 3 | In soft drinks and lends fizz, in stomach as gastric juice, used in tanning industry |
| Nitric acid | Mineral acid | HNO 3 |
Used in the manufacture of explosives.
(TNT, Nitroglycerine) and fertilizers (Ammonium nitrate, Calcium nitrate, Purification of Au, Ag.) |
| Hydrochloric acid | Mineral acid | HC l |
In purification of common salt, in textile industry as bleaching agent,
to make aqua regia mixture of HC l and HNO 3 in ratio of 3 : 1 |
| Sulphuric acid | Mineral acid | H 2 SO 4 |
Commonly used in car batteries, in the manufacture of fertilizers
(Ammonium sulphate, super phosphate) detergents etc, in paints, plastics, drugs, in manufacture of artificial silk, in petroleum refining.
|
| Phosphoric acid | Mineral acid | H 3 PO 4 | Used in antirust paints and in fertilizers. |
| Formic acid | Organic acid | HCOOH(CH 2 O 2 ) |
Found in the stings of ants and bees, used in tanning leather,
in medicines for treating gout disease of joints. |
| Acetic acid | Organic acid | CH 3 COOH(C 2 H 4 O 2 ) |
Found in vinegar used a solvent in the manufacture of dyes and perfumes
manufacture of dyes and perfumes |
| Lactic acid | Organic acid | CH 3 CH(OH)COOH(C 3 H 6 O 3 ) |
Responsible for souring of milk in curd.
|
| Benzoic acid | Organic acid | C 6 H 5 COOH |
Used as a food preservation.
|
| Citric acid | Organic acid | C 6 H 8 O |
Present in lemons, oranges and citrus fruits.
|
Physics Wallah expert uploaded NCERT solutions for class 10 Science . If any students need to take the online test to check their concepts or undertstanding then they can visit Quiz for Acid, Base and Salt . Students can also get the CBSE Important Questions for class 10 Science from here.
Download Free Pdf sheet of Acid base and salt it consist of Short notes and key points of Chemistry for class 10 given below
