Short Notes and Formulas of class 8 science chapter-Acid base and Salt
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Short Notes and Formulas of class 8 science chapter-Acid base and Salt
May 13, 2022, 16:45 IST
Class 8 chapter- Acid base and Salt
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ACIDS-T H E TERM
- THE TERM-‘acid’ is derived from the latin word meaning ‘sour’
- ACIDS ARE DERIVED FROM-both minerals as well as plants.
- ACIDS DERIVED FROM MINERALS–are called ‘inorganic’ or ‘mineral acids’ e.g. hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid.
- ACIDS DERIVED FROM PLANTS–are called organic acids e.g. citric acid, tartaric acid.
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ACIDS-OCCURRENCE [Source]
| Oranges & Lemons | Grapes | Apples | Rancid butter | Vinegar |
| CITRIC ACID | TARTATIC ACID | MALLIC ACID | BUTYRIC ACID | ACETIC ACID |
| Sour milk | Wasps & white ants | Common salt | Metallic sulphate | Nitre |
| LACTIC ACID | FORMIC ACID | HYDROCHLORIC ACID | SULPHURIC ACID | NITRIC ACID |
Classification of Acid
Acids dissociate in aqueous solution – to give hydrogen ions [H + ]
- Based on this dissociation, acids are classified in terms of their strength and basicity.
- STRENGTH OF ACIDS– depends on the –‘concentration of hydrogen ions’ in solution.
- BASICITY OF ACIDS– depends on the – ‘number of hydrogen ions’ in solution.
| CLASSIFICATION | DISSOCIATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION | EXAMPLE |
| STRENGTH OF ACIDS | ||
|
Dissociate completely to give a–high conc.Of H + ion. | HCl |
|
Dissociate completely to give a–low conc.Of H + ion. | H 2 CO 3 |
| BASICITY OF ACIDS | ||
|
Dissociate to give – one H + ion per molecule of the acid. | HCl |
|
Dissociate to give-two H + ions per molecule of the acid. | H 2 SO 4 |
|
Dissociate to give -three H + ions per molecule of the acid. | H 3 PO 4 |
About Chapter-Acid base and Salt
Oranges are ‘sour’ in taste, while sodium hydroxide is bitter in taste and soapy to touch.
The sour taste is due to the presence of – the ‘acid’ component while the soapy liquid is a base.
Acids react with bases forming – a ‘salt’ by neutralization of the acid with the base.
Do solve NCERT questions with the help of NCERT solutions for class 8 Science. Students can also access the Class 8 Chemistry Notes from here.
Find Pdf of chapter-Acid base and Salt having Important short notes of chapter
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