Short Notes and Formulas of class 8 science chapter-Carbon and its compounds

Short Notes and Formulas of class 8 science chapter-Carbon and its compounds

May 13, 2022, 16:45 IST

Class- 8 Chapter- Carbon and its compounds

Carbon is one of the most important non metallic elements. This is because all the bio-molecules invariably possess carbon and hydrogen as the major constituents. The special significance of carbon lies in the fact that it forms two types of compounds – organic and inorganic compounds. The compounds which are analogous with the corresponding compounds of other non-metallic elements are studied under branch of inorganic chemistry. The chemistry of the wide range of the allotropic forms of carbon also comes in the realm of inorganic chemistry.

Occurance

Carbon occurs in both free state and combined state

Free State

Carbon exists as the native element in the form of coal in the earth’s crusts. It occurs in a very small amount in its allotropic forms like diamond and graphite. Another form of carbon, fullerene, has been discovered by geologist in a crater made by a meteorite in Germany and in ancient rocks in New Zealand.

Combined State

Carbon exists in the combined state in all the three physical states, namely solid, liquid and gaseous states.

• Solid state: Carbon occurs in the solid state in the form of mineral carbonates like calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), magnetite (MgCO ₃ ), calamine (ZnCO ₃ ) etc. In plants and animals carbon occurs in the form of tats, proteins, carbohydrates and various other complex chemical compounds.
• Liquid state: Carbon commonly exists in liquid state in fuels and vegetable oils. The fuels mainly comprise of petrol, diesel, kerosene, LPG etc.
• Gaseous State: In gaseous state, carbon exists either in the form of oxides, hydrocarbons or in water as dissolved carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are the oxides of carbon. About 0.03% by volume of atmosphere is of carbon dioxide while carbon monoxide is present in volcanic gases and furnace emissions of industries.

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